Person Centred Care Essay

On a female only respiratory ward in the West Midlands a patient was admitted to the ward with chest pain and shortness of breath. Her name was withheld in order to conform with patient confidentiality (Dimond, 2002). Due to being registered deaf, the patient had difficulty com municating verbally. She had a form of Aphasia resulting in stuttering. A friend of the family asked if the nurses could note down the procedures for the patient. The friend proceeded to use British Sign Language (BSL) to pass on information when trying to converse with the patient. The BSL use several movements which include hand gestures, lip patterns, fingerspelling and facial expression (National Health Services choices, 2013). The tissue viability (TV) nurses advised daily leg dressings for ulcerated legs and her personal care and medication were organised. She was kept informed by written notes. All NHS Policies, Procedures and The Code of Conduct within the Trust were followed as protocol. The patient began to refuse any care. It is the right of a mentally competent person to refuse treatment (Dimond, 2005, p142). Read more:  Essay About Person Centred Care After several attempts to change nurses, the patient still refused. This was done to see if she was more comfortable with one particular nurse. The patient was unable to sleep through the night. The nursing team followed person centred care. The nurses began trying to reason with her to give her consent for treatment. At this time the patient could have been lying in her own urine and faeces. If her leg was not attended to, further complications could occur. Her leg could become gangrenous and need operating on. All healthcare professionals want to adhere to safeguarding the patient. The Care Quality Commission (CQC) (2014) states â€Å"safeguarding means protecting people’s health, wellbeing and human rights, and enabling them to live free from harm, abuse and neglect. It is fundamental to creating high-quality health and social care†. The nurses wanted to respect and think of the dignity of the patient. Eventually the patient allowed her observations, blood sugar levels and a urine analyses to be done. A urine sample is dipped using a â€Å"multiple combination strips – e.g., five tests on each strip (detects blood, ketones, glucose, pH and protein), or seven tests on each strip (tests for blood, ketones, glucose, pH, bilirubin, urobilinogen and protein)† (Henderson, 2004). The sample was sent to microbiology to be investigated into more for underling infection that could be causing her behaviour. At all times information was provided for the patient to make her own decisions and to use all communication sources in place. Manley et al (RCN) (2011) â€Å"Healthcare teams, healthcare provider organisations and governments often articulate an intention to deliver person-centred care. However, achieving it is often challenging and difficult to sustain†. HHHh This section aims to highlight Holistic and Person-Centred care with reference to the scenario. The paper will look at professional issues in nursing practice, and it is linked with ethical issues. It will then address the importance of effective communication skills. It is including the trust’s policies and procedures, The Royal Marsden hand book, Nursing Midwifery Council, The Royal College Nursing and Department of Health. To be able to plan appropriate nursing care the whole of the patient needs to be assessed, physically, medically and psychologically. This is Holistic assessment. All aspects of the patient’s lifestyle, age, gender and how they are feeling needs to be obtained. Whilst the nurse is doing the assessment they must use all of their senses. Therapeutic communication, hearing, visual and touching should be used (Smith, 2012, pp.5-7). The Health Foundation (2014) states that ‘Person-Centred Care show an important way to make the patient feel involved in their own care’. If the patient has control over their own body and mind, then they will have an understanding of what is happening to them. Person-centred care is in place for the patients, staff and families all to get involved in the planning, care and discharge. It involves compassion which is important in a nurse’s role as the patient enters unfamiliar territory. All staff needs to consider the patients respect and dignity is upheld, with closing curtains, covering up the patient and asking for consent to enter the patient’s bed space. Person-Centred Care was followed in the scenario. The Doctor and the nurses asked for the family to come in to discuss the care of the patient. The nurses communicated with a friend of the family because the patient’s partner also had a hearing impediment. Then they communicated with the patient and told her it was in her best interest if she allowed the staff to care for her. The leg began to weep through the dressing. It was over due to be changed. She still refused help. The student nurse who was helping the patient seemed to have a positive impact on her. Price (2006, p.50) states that the person centred care approach needs different frameworks to accommodate different patients. Making sure to look at the patient as an individual. This is what the student nurse did. The patient believed she had previously met with the student nurse. The patient refused to co-operate with other nurses. The patient was very co-operative with the student nurse. The student nurse began basic sign language in order to communicate. Then the patient responded, and allowed other staff to look after her. Eventually the patient co-operated, the test results were all fine, and Doctors were not concerned. Professional issues in nursing practice are linked with ethical issues. In the dictionary the definition of â€Å"professional† states â€Å"Worthy of or appropriate to a professional person; competent, skilful, or assured† (Oxford 2014). A nurse needs to be professional in their everyday role in work and in their personal life. The Code of Professional Conduct informs a patient what standard should be expected from a registered practitioner. (Burnard. and Chapman, 2004, p1). A competent and caring nurse. The student nurse noticed the patient was struggling to communicate and had difficulty with other nurses. The student nurse thought she would be professional and use her signing skills to help with communicating. According to Tschudin (1986) in (Burnard. and Chapman, 2004, p6). Claims that â€Å"ethics is caring† and that â€Å"to act ethically is to care†¦to care for ourselves and others†. The healthcare profession can not bring in their own ethics into the hospital; they may have certain religious or moral ideas. On the other hand the patient’s family may have ethical issues. The ethical issues of her understanding what was happening was taken into account by all communication sources in place for her to be in control of her own body and to give her consent. Medical staff needs to use effective communication with family or friends. They need to be their advocate, to help them to communicate. Active listening is a skill which is also needed to communicate. Look at body language and what the patient is saying. The speed one speaks has to be thought about and the tone. If as much information is given to nurses and doctors as possible then it all helps in the care process. Therefore, communicating with the patient’s friend helped the medical team to understand the health of patient before admittance. Family are encouraged to stay with the patients, to keep them company and bring in their own belongings to reduce the anxiety of being in strange surroundings. â€Å"Good communication helps to build a therapeutic relationship†(Collins, 2009).A nurse is often the one to explain to the patient what a doctor has just said, in a more simple way, to listen to any problems. All the policy and procedures that are in place at the hospital were followed. One particular policy that was followed is from the hospital hand book of leg ulcer management (2013). This ensures that her leg had been graded, reported and recorded. There had been photographs taken of the leg. Then the leg dressed with all the correct dressings for the grade and type of wound. The Tissue Viability nurses had been to check the wound then advised the nurses what was required to put on the area for healing. The patient was treated as seemed fit by her condition, making sure the antiseptic technique was used. It is necessary to use knowledge to provide a person and family centred care in The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures it states that â€Å"Poor communication with patients can negatively affect decision making and quality of life† (Dougherty, L and Lister, S (Eds) 2011; Fallowfield et al 2001; Thorne et al 2005,p198). It is not always possible to communicate face to face or to be seen or heard. Perhaps a gentle hand on the shoulder would help. In the case of a deaf person to make sure to stand in a good light so lips can be read. After all a patient has been taken out of their own surroundings and put onto a ward, in a strange bed with strange people around them. A nurse needs to find ways to help the patient to know what is being done without being frightened. The Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) is a governing body. The NMC, (2012) states that they have a â€Å"vision, mission and values†. Its vision is to make sure nurses and midwives always give their best healthcare to safe guard the public. Their mission is to maintain a register of nurses and midwives making sure they are fit to practice. The education of nurses fits the correct standard. If these are not adhered to then they are dealt with. The values are for those who need services of nurses and midwifes, they act in the best interest and are open and transparent in their actions and take responsibility. They show consideration and understanding and act with integrity. Also work to high standards and are experts in what they do. Modern health is used and works in partnership with others and provides equality (NMC, 2012, p.3). The hospital guidelines are â€Å"Vision, Values and Strategic Goals†. â€Å"They place their patients at the centre of all they do†, â€Å"work together to deliver top quality services† and â€Å"try to be innovative how they work and create an environment for people to thrive in†(The Royal Wolverhampton, 2014). The student nurse tried to deliver quality service by trying to use her skill in the small amount of sign language she knew. The Royal College Nursing (2012) state that the â€Å"people in your care must be treated as individuals and their dignity must be respected†. The medical team have to reach a certain level and to behave in a certain way. After the entire patient’s life is in their hands. The professional issue of the case is the delivery of care given to the patient was followed to the care plan in place everything was taken into consideration. The Department of Health states that â€Å"People who use health and care services have the right to be treated with respect, dignity and compassion by staff who have the skills and time to care for them† (DOH, 2013). The patient was treated with a high standard of care and alternatives to help with her communication needs were implemented. At a later stage the patient would be discharged from the hospital and transferred under the guide of Community Care Matron. The patient would need to be assessed in order to identify the specific care required. Conclution From a nursing persective it was evident that a good quality of Person- Centred- Care was implemented. It was taken into account that there were more complicated matters than the patient’s ulcerated leg. The staff worked well as a team, this showed in the way the nurses tried to alternate their care. Everyone worked with the professionalism that beholds a nurse,competent,skilful and assured. They worked effectively with the communication needs that were in their power to do so. Note taking and using the family and friend for help when signing.The communication problem caused by the patient’s deafness could have been made easer if all staff were trained in BSL. This training must be put in place to allow patient and staff to have better communication. References Burnard,P. and Chapman, C. (2004) Professional and ethical issues in nursing. 3rd ed. Oxford: Bailliete Tindall. Care Quality Commission (CQC)(2014) Safeguarding people. [online]. Newcastle upon Tyne: CQC. [Accessed 14 April 2014]. Available at: . Collins, S., (2009) Building relationships is central to nursing work. Nursing Times.net. [online] 19 June, p.1 [Accessed 17 March 2014]. Available at: . Department of Health (DOH)(2013) Treating paitents and service users with respect, dignity and compassion. [online].DOH. [Accessed 12 March 2014].Available at: . Dimond, B. (2002) Legal aspects of patient confidentiality. London: Allen Publishing. Dimond, B. (2005) Legal aspects of nursing. 4th ed. London: Pearson Longman. Dougherty, L. (2011). The royal marsden hospital manual of clinical nursing procedures student edition. 8th ed. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Health Foundation (2014) Person-centred care: what is person-centred care? [online]. London: [Accessed 27 March 2014]. Available at: . Henderson, R. (2014) Urine dipstick analysis. [online]. Leeds: [Accessed 14 April 2014]. Available at: . Manley,K. Hills, V. and Marriot, S.(2011) Person-centred care:principle of nursing practice ‘D’. 25 (31), pp.35-37.[Accessed 11 April 2014].Nursing Standard [online].Available at: . National Health service (NHS choices)(2013) Commuication sign language.Redditch:NHS [Accessed 11 April 2014]. Available at: . Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC)(2012) Guidance on professional conduct session theme for taught. [Online]. London: NMC.[Accessed 24 March 2014].Available at: . Oxford Dictionaries (2014) Language matters. Oxford University Press [online]. [Accessed 8 April 2014]. Available at: .‎ Price, B. (2006) Exploring personal-centred care. 20(50),pp.49-56.[Accessed 16 April 2014].Nursing Standard [online].Available at: . Royal College Nursing (RCN)(2012) Human rights and nursing. [online] London: RCN. [Accessed 12 March 2014]. Available at: . Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust. (2013) Leg Ulcer Management. Version 1. Wolverhampton: Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust. Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust (2014) Trust’s Vision and Values. [online].Wolverhampton: [Accessed 4 April 2014]. Available at: . Smith, P. (2012) Holistic Assessment Holistic. Assessment skills in nursing [online]. [Accessed 27 March 2014]. Available at .

Knowing Your Audience

Running head: KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE Knowing Your Audience Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your Audience On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers trapped underground. With workers being trapped 300 meters below ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After four days of being trapped, there was still no idea if any of the miners were even alive. Never before have so many workers survived being trapped underground for so long (Yang, 2010).Fortunately, in this case, tears turned to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without any lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation like this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who are trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These are questions that many people do not prepare themselves for. These types of communications must be handled delicately and with the audience in mind. What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience?This paper will discuss some of the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident. It will also discuss the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally, this paper will talk about what actions a person must take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there are some considerations a person has to remember when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this matter because of the different roles and people in the audience.If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a message, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, or incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of emp athy and sympathy directed toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not have to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the news. The families of the victims would probably like to know how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out.The families don’t know as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the company wants to keep the families informed, but sometimes the sender knows as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a little different. People that work in the mining field know about the dangers of cave-ins already. So there would be no need to go into detail about the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job.The communication should also let the employees know that everything possible is being done to resc ue the trapped workers. Keeping in mind that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should also mention to employees that if they are not in the â€Å"right state of mind† to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of any kind is delivered to the audience it should be proofread and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The sender should also find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience.If the method of communication is a phone call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At the end of the message, the sender should ask the audience if they have any questions regarding the message or the situation. This will make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a follow-up communication may be made necessary to keep the families an d employees up-to-date on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind.The communication will vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when reaching out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehost/detail? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue: inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http://www. thestar. com/news/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped m iners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it will be before we can reach them. We have everyone possible working on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon.I just want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all don’t hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To: San Jose Mine Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees trapped underground. We are currently working on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you kn ow. Human Resources Knowing Your Audience Running head: KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE Knowing Your Audience Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your Audience On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers trapped underground. With workers being trapped 300 meters below ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After four days of being trapped, there was still no idea if any of the miners were even alive. Never before have so many workers survived being trapped underground for so long (Yang, 2010).Fortunately, in this case, tears turned to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without any lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation like this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who are trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These are questions that many people do not prepare themselves for. These types of communications must be handled delicately and with the audience in mind. What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience?This paper will discuss some of the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident. It will also discuss the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally, this paper will talk about what actions a person must take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there are some considerations a person has to remember when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this matter because of the different roles and people in the audience.If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a message, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, or incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of emp athy and sympathy directed toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not have to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the news. The families of the victims would probably like to know how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out.The families don’t know as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the company wants to keep the families informed, but sometimes the sender knows as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a little different. People that work in the mining field know about the dangers of cave-ins already. So there would be no need to go into detail about the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job.The communication should also let the employees know that everything possible is being done to resc ue the trapped workers. Keeping in mind that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should also mention to employees that if they are not in the â€Å"right state of mind† to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of any kind is delivered to the audience it should be proofread and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The sender should also find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience.If the method of communication is a phone call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At the end of the message, the sender should ask the audience if they have any questions regarding the message or the situation. This will make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a follow-up communication may be made necessary to keep the families an d employees up-to-date on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind.The communication will vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when reaching out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehost/detail? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue: inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http://www. thestar. com/news/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped m iners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it will be before we can reach them. We have everyone possible working on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon.I just want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all don’t hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To: San Jose Mine Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees trapped underground. We are currently working on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you kn ow. Human Resources

Neo Natal Death In Jamaica Health And Social Care Essay

Interviews and treatment groups will be held with female parents sampled from the major infirmaries located in Kingston. Participants will be twosomes who have experienced a perinatal loss within the last 6 old ages and the subsequent effects of this loss. Data will be coded thematically with specific mentions to country of abode, educational degree, ethnicity, phase of gestation loss and age. A Depression Inventory Scale will be a major instrument to help in finding the presence and degree of depression in some of these twosomes. Depending on the schemes that will be used to place sample countries and participants, the extent to which findings can be generalised may be limited. The survey will supply fresh penetrations into how adult females who have experienced perinatal loss would profit from intercessions to assist them through anxiety-filled gestations and trade with the stressors they may confront in life. Challenges or obstructions in this survey may include high rates of acco mpaniment amongst gestational age of loss and mental wellness before the loss, accompaniments of perinatal loss with other serious life hardships, age of oncoming, figure of populating kids and trouble in doing causal illations. Chapter 1: Introduction Background to the job Early gestation loss is a complicated psychological event that occurs in 12 % to 24 % of recognized gestations ( Carter D, Misri & A ; Tomfohr 2007 ) . This is non the same as Neonatal or perinatal loss. Perinatal includes early neonatal loss every bit good as spontaneous abortions. Neonatal losingss are those babes born alive and decease within a hebdomad ( early ) or 28 yearss ( late ) . Still births are those babes which are born dead that likely would hold survived ( Feasible ) normally gestational age over 24weeks ( some still say 28 hebdomads ) or birth weight of more than 500grams. If you include losingss before this period so this includes self-generated abortions which would include the early gestation losingss above. Many of these are non even recognised, but many will hold a similar consequence on the adult female as you have pointed out above. Harmonizing to Carter et.al ( 2007 ) , adult females who have experienced perinatal deceases frequently have common mourning reactions, and while for most adult females, the strength and experience of these reactions diminishes over clip, a significant minority of adult females will develop long term psychiatric effects. Depression, symptoms of anxiousness, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are the most normally reported psychological reactions to miscarriage. Harmonizing to Hutti ( 2005 ) , this loss is besides associated with self-destruction and matrimonial struggle. Although research has indicated that perinatal loss can ensue in serious upsets of depression and anxiousness, it has been noted that some adult females display important sums of resiliency ( Carter et.al, 2007 ) . Carter farther stated that the positive side of this resiliency may change harmonizing to the individual, household construction and the relationship with the male parent. Preliminary scrutiny of this job by Neugebeaur and Sergievsky ( 2003 ) indicates that there is a higher degree of depressive symptoms among adult females who have experienced a perinatal loss than among adult females who have non been pregnant within recent times. ( make you mean to utilize these adult females as controls for your survey? ) They postulated that depressive symptoms were more likely to be seen in the 6-8 hebdomad period following the loss, than those who did non hold a recent period of loss. Although age was a noteworthy factor in this survey, the womenaa‚Â ¬a„?s matrimonial position, figure of kids, ethnicity and educational degree did non significantly affect the consequences. This supports the necessity for deciding this job by turn toing the possibility of mental instabilities every bit good as turn toing other factors such as clip, which may impact the loss. The experience of a neonatal decease can be viewed as one of the many factors associated with psychiatric upsets in adult females. The primary aim of this survey is to larn more about the extent of this association and the clip frame in which the adult females are affected. ( Is your instrument able to separate the difference between exogenic depression ( which is the normal bereavement procedure we all go through with the loss of a loved one ) versus endogenous depression which is the psychiatric unwellness that can be triggered by the loss? Research inquiry / aim Are depression and anxiousness typical in adult females who experience neonatal deceases in Jamaica? ( Depression and anxiousness are normal responses to loss ) . The inquiry should be about true Endogenous depression and important anxiousness ( psychiatric jobs ) . Sub-Topics 1 ) Nature of the experience of the neonatal loss experience: gestational age ; 2 ) Factors that may predispose them to psychological effects: poorness, old mental wellness, any other environmental stressor ; 3 ) Possible get bying mechanisms after neonatal loss experience: cognition of cause of decease, affect on future gestation ; 4 ) The prevalence and extent of depression/psychological and psychiatric upsets in adult females after miscarriage/pregnancy loss. Purpose of the Study This survey originated as a part to informed argument on mental wellness public policy issues and to border intercessions that will convey hope to adult females who are surrounded by the challenges of their loss while they reenter society. The accomplishments of this survey should be: ( 1 ) to test at least 30 twosomes ( pilot survey, chief survey 250/300 topics ( How did you cipher this sample size? You should happen out how prevailing these factors are in pregnant adult females without gestation loss and so find what figure you need to acquire a important addition in Numberss over the expected ) ( Wissart et al 2005 ) , who have experienced neonatal loss at primary degree of intercession. ( 2 ) To supply therapy for twosomes who are sing terrible psychological hurt due to a neonatal loss. ( 3 ) To raise consciousness of the possible behavioral and societal issues of male parents who are considered the soundless spouses in this type of loss. In add-on, the survey is being driven by my personal experiences of three neonatal deceases over seven old ages and the deficiency of available intercession at the clip of the events and my preferable and successful agencies of covering with this challenge. Are you certain you want to acquire so personal? I would go forth this out even if this is what is you chief motive. This is your personal info and is non truly needed to acquire the survey accepted ) Significance of the survey The societyaa‚Â ¬a„?s concern with wellness refers to both mental and physical wellness. This survey sets out to understand the effects of this loss and the attendant traumatic consequences. The extent to which this loss affects twosomes, and the information garnered from this research will supply extra information sing the ensuing mental upsets to medical practicians, counsellors and mental wellness professionals. This cognition can help to supply solutions for effectual intercession sing the mental, societal and economic development of the affected twosomes and their households. By deriving an penetration of the job, the apprehension of mental wellness of adult females and their spouses will be addressed, with the male parents being recognized as a participant in the event of the loss. In lending to the pool of cognition, there will be insight to assist beef up households, and obtain the cooperation, understanding and support of others. Boundary lines and restrictions of the survey The comparatively little sample size and the schemes used to try countries and participants will restrict the extent to which findings can be generalized. Therefore, the survey should be repeated on a larger graduated table, with countries and participants being indiscriminately sampled. The survey will non try to find which of the environmental stressors has caused the job. The survey will non try to find which of the variables causes a greater consequence on the adult females. Significance of the survey The societyaa‚Â ¬a„?s concern with wellness refers to both mental and physical wellness. This survey sets out to understand the effects of this loss and the attendant traumatic consequences. The extent to which this loss affects twosomes, and the information garnered from this research will supply extra information sing the ensuing mental upsets, to medical practicians, counsellors and other mental wellness professionals. This cognition can help to supply solutions for effectual intercession sing the mental, societal and economic development of the twosomes affected and their households. By deriving an penetration of the job, the apprehension of mental wellness of adult females and their spouses will be addressed, with the male parents being recognized as a participant in the event of the loss. In lending to the pool of cognition, there will be insight to assist beef up households, and obtain the cooperation, understanding and support of others. Boundary lines and restrictions of the survey The comparatively little size of the sampling and the schemes used to try countries and participants, will do the extent to which findings can be generalised to be limited. Therefore, the survey should be repeated on a larger graduated table, with countries and participants being indiscriminately sampled. The survey will non try to find which of the environmental stressors has caused the job. The survey will non try to find which of the variables causes a greater consequence on the adult females.

What user's want from mobile location-based advertising services Literature review

What user's want from mobile location-based advertising services - Literature review Example It is important for businesses to identify a customer in close proximity to their premises, hence offering them incentives that enable them to identify the selected shops. Tsai et al. (2009) concur with the fact that location awareness brings an interesting aspect to customers since the majority of their purchase decisions are usually made within stores. The finding is in line with the idea that location-based adverts address consumers at the point of purchase decisions while at the same time holding potential results for entrepreneurs. Moreover, there are possibilities of integrating personalised offers and advertisements within the applications (Mobile Marketing Association, 2011). However, this study reviews numerous studies and models that focus on detailed variables influencing consumers’ intention towards mobile location-based advertising services. According to Ickin et al., (2012) the introduction of smart phones with GPS receivers has made marketers to be vigilant on the use of technology. In this case, marketers utilise locations to target customers sending them messages on company location alongside products and services offered. Improvement in technology drives the capabilities of Location Based Advertising granting marketers opportunity of creating clever techniques of selling their brands to customers. However, consumers are trying to gain composure on the idea that advertisers are able to locate them, implementation of such services as Foursquare focuses on delivering large consumer base for band advertisers. On the other, hand Wac et al. (2011) assert that some of the new technology initiatives, business models alongside willingness of consumers to accept the technology make mobile location one of the important elements of marketing. The failure associated with many location initiatives results from most marketers ign oring the actual consumer wants. One of the most important considerations is ensuring that services utilizing

Privacy Assesment and Training Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Privacy Assesment and Training - Research Paper Example The release of this data can be detrimental to the hospital privacy policy and possibly smudge its reputation. Moreover the safety of the patient can be compromised in result of this release when it is received by malicious individuals. In addition, how the information is reported is essential. Lastly it demonstrates the procedures followed in notification of any complaints. This policy governs of the entire hospital staff including the management, the physicians and nurses. a. Inappropriate use of a computer The hospital staff frequently utilizes the computers of the institution in an improper mode. Professionalism of the healthcare providers is tainted when loss of vital information is identified (Hubner, Costas &Pernul, 2007). Unwarranted use of computers entitled to shield the medical details of a patient can cause damage to it of inconvenience confidentiality (Castagna, 2009). Information inputted in the computer should have a medical basis. Procedures As a means of countering t his vice, it is necessary to adopt a centralized system management to enhance data security. This will ensure adequate management of sensitive patient information thus enabling accurate distribution of medical assessments specifically to victims. In the incident of any inconsistencies experienced when undertaking this task it should be addressed to the central manager (King, 2008). The central manager will then evaluate the situation extensively and carefully categorize how that quandary might have happened. Any intrusion or distortion of information of which he is authorized to protect will be viewed as a lapse of the security capacity of the hospital (Hubner, Costas &Pernul, 2007). His expansive knowledge in this field will ensure his expert solutions are applied to incidents of a dire nature. Secondly, to initiate this investigation he is expected to make a program that will be connected to a central point. This will enable him to scrutinize the activities that the hospital staff is entering in the computer system. Thirdly, the centralized system office should only accommodate hospital based software thus restricting further use of computers by staff to execute personal functions (Hubner, Costas &Pernul, 2007). This will isolate the use of the computer equipment to hospital functions thus promoting efficiency in the hospital operations. This hospital programs should be comprehensive in recording of patient data. Fourth, the top management of the hospital should conduct unprecedented surveys of the computer system to oversee if the abuse of the hospital computers has been mitigated. This will reassure the hospital of its efforts to mitigate the improper engagement of the hospitals facilities and enhance confidence in the centralized system capabilities. The fifth entails employment of employees who will discreetly monitor their colleague’s use of this computer system will surely improve responsible computing (Hubner, Costas &Pernul, 2007). These docto rs will be lieutenants of the top management which will take the prohibitive actions on the perpetrator. Lastly, the application of firewalls and passwords to limit the people accessing information of the patient is crucial. This will diminish the dissemination of information to unscrupulous persons who can have malicious motives towards the patient. Hospital professionals who are considered to be culprits should be addressed appropriately of the on the consequence of their

Develop a learning resource on health and well being Essay

Develop a learning resource on health and well being - Essay Example ayed an important role since its initiation and continues to foster a favourable learning environment for all children irrespective of their backgrounds. According to the program, schools are encouraged to develop and apply solid approaches based on the four key pillars to healthy growth which include: Personal Development - the programme ensures that the child obtains some of the basic and relevant life skills such as communication and social interaction. Also, the child is exposed to a whole new world of decision-making where he/she gets to choose what he/she wants consequently improving on their reasoning capabilities and confidence. The child also gets to develop his/her physical and mental health through indoor as well as outdoor activities. Community Development - children who are involved in the programme improve the general living conditions of the communities they live in and also, they spell less communal problems such as teenage pregnancies and drug abuse which are associated with growing children. Academic Performance - apart from improving the child’s academic and non-academic performance, the programme also is aimed at improving the school’s rapport with other schools and the community at large (Department for Education and Skills 2012). Department for Education and Skills, National Healthy Schools Programme: A Guide for Parents and Carers, Government of United Kingdom, Retrieved from: . [3rd March

Websites search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Websites search - Essay Example It is very helpful in the provision of details concerning family and community involvement in children programs. Fine: Family Involvement Network of Educators provided at Harvard Family Research Project (http://www.hfrp.org/) has a lot of resources and publications concerning family involvement that can be employed in classrooms for instructing. The site is very supportive as it provides a lot of publications collectively at one place. National Coalition for Parent Involvement in Education (http://www.ncpie.org/) is an informative site that contains a lot of information regarding family and development, family-community organizations, family-education organizations and parents and families. This can be used for teaching in classrooms by reading and facilitating parents with the reading material. National Center for Family and Community Connections with Schools (http://www.sedl.org/connections/) contains family and community based researches and practical works informing about how students at schools can be supported by families and communities. It will be helpful in classroom instructions because it contains a huge collection of resources concerning family and community connections with schools. LDonline (http://www.ldonline.org/educators) is a website that gives detailed data related to disability and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). The site is very useful in terms of its informative material. The site is rich with information concerning learning about disabilities and ADHD. Information can be retrieved from this site in order to help out students in terms of instruction concerning disabilities. BC Ministry of Education: Special Education (http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/) contains resource documents and policies concerning education of special children. Hence, this site contains a huge amount of data of resource documents concerning students with disabilities. The information provided at this site can be

UK Data Natiional Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12000 words

UK Data Natiional Security - Essay Example Identity cards allow cardholders to establish their identity. This is essential for procuring several goods and services. Presently the IT is used in almost all public bodies to provide their services to the people. They require information regarding the recipients of their services. This information is retained by governmental bodies1. Nevertheless, this information can also be retrieved by criminals to steal identities for fraudulent purposes. Therefore, identity fraud enables an individual to impersonate another individual. By this impersonation the fraudulent individual can obtain the same benefits that are available genuine individuals, to which they are not entitled. Some of these provisions include social security payments, permanent residence in the UK or access to some property. In order to contain and eliminate this identity fraud, ID cards are essential2. During the Second World War, the UK government made it mandatory for every citizen to possess an ID card. These ID cards were distributed to the citizens along with ration books. Citizens aged above sixteen years were required to carry their ID cards with them. Those who failed to carry their ID cards were subjected to prosecution, as it was a criminal offence in those days. Parents and guardians had to carry their children’s identity cards. The government had stated that the enforcement of identity cards would be discontinued after the end of the war. However, the identity cards existed until the year 1952. The people revolted against the compulsory identity card scheme and contended that this scheme was alien to the traditions of the UK3. The proposed ID card scheme is not in accordance with the provisions of the Data Protection Act. In an Institute of Public Policy Research conference, held in London, the Information Commissioner, Richard Thomas made this announcement. He added that a huge database of personal information would be established as part of the proposed ID

Canadian history pre-confederation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Canadian history pre-confederation - Essay Example All the different groups of people who resided in geographical region of Canada added in one way or the other to the culture and identity that we recognize today. However, the popular version of history as it is taught to the masses often glosses over the contribution of and lifestyle followed by one set of people, that is, the slave groups who were also amongst the early settlers of the region. Canadian history, when it discusses the role of slavery and the slave trade within the region only highlights the fact that the government was amongst the first to hasten the demise of the abhorrent practice. The Canadian society as a whole has difficulty accepting the fact that slavery was actively practiced in New France and this fact has been documented as far back as 1629 with the arrival of the Kirke brothers and their young slave boy in Quebec2. The institution of slavery formed a significant part of Canadian society and hiding this fact is doing a disservice to the identity of the thousands of the African and Aboriginal men, women and children whose lives were impacted and molded by the practice. Slavery was a part of life in New France as well as under the Lower Canada during British rule. Slaves were owned by people from various demographics including religious, military and political leaders and the merchant class3. Popular historical narrative tended to portray that the slave trade had only reached the region after the British had conquered the region in 1760, however in the book â€Å"Canada’s Forgotten Slaves: Two Hundred Years of Bondage† historian Marcel Trudel provides extensive details of the people who lived as slaves before that time as well as the people who eagerly owned and ‘flaunted’ them. He states that â€Å"Slavery in Quebec was not some economic imperative, but rather a form of public extravagance which conferred

I set about learning Welsh, in order to be able to return to the true Essay

I set about learning Welsh, in order to be able to return to the true Wales of my imagination (R.S Thomas). How are questions of language, place and national identity inter-related in literary texts - Essay Example Moreover, he argues that ‘nationalism is an ideological movement for attaining and maintaining the autonomy, unity and identity of a nation’2. It is this concept of ‘sameness’ and belonging which unifies us individuals to have a sense of pride attached to our country. This issue of national identity is one which is distinct within Welsh Anglo-Saxon writer R.S. Thomas’ Collected Poetry and Irish writer Roddy Doyle’s Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha. It is interesting to compare the confused identity of Thomas, who was born in Cardiff yet spoke English as a child, to a dominant Irish figure such as Doyle who was born and bred in Ireland, and hence feels justified in glorifying his own country. He does this by using Gaelic phrases in order to present it in a more idealised category compared to the other cultures. Doyle too betrays anguish in his own culture as he presents the underlying woes within an Irish household being those of violence which was common in the 1960’s when the book was written. Nevertheless, one notes a sense of pride and belonging in Doyle, whereas Thomas is still searching in order â€Å"to be able to return to the true Wales of my imagination†3. In this essay, I will explore issues of language, place and national identity that are manifest within Thomas’ Collected poems and Roddy Doyle’s Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha. R.S. Thomas focuses on Wales as his own national identity. For example, in A Welsh Testament, he writes, ‘All right, I was Welsh. Does it matter? I spoke the tongue that was passed on to me in the place I happened to be’4. We find Thomas telling us that although he speaks English, he is unable to speak his ‘mother tongue’, which he believes to be Welsh. There is a defensive hue in his words, as though he is trying to justify his inability to speak their language. This speaks of an anguish in him resulting from not having a full sense of belonging. In the poem

The social division in America Essay Example for Free

The social division in America Essay There are different sectors in the society when social injustices against the African-American race are committed within the American society. This is clearly demonstrated within the governmental policies that are made within the American society that are mostly favorable of the White Americans alone. There are different situations when the injustice against the African-American race is pursued by several sectors of the American community. As for example, in employment procedures, there is a widespread color discrimination that keeps the Black American race from obtaining the best employment there is to support their living. As a result, only the low-level employment positions are left available for the said racial group. Although this situation does not happen all the time, there are only a few accounts when the African-American races are able to land higher positions than rank and file jobs. Aside from entering a certain job position, the said discrimination happens even when the individual is already able to obtain a certain working position. A case on this matter reads: â€Å"A black employee was subjected to a barrage of racial epithets, culminating in an incident where white co-workers placed a noose around his neck in the company bathroom and choked him. The employer did not stop its employees, including managers, from harassing the employee on the basis of his race (black) and subjecting him to a racially hostile work environment including verbal and physical abuse. † (Source: EEOC got a $1 million settlement of a racial harassment case. http://www. lawmemo. com/blog/discrimination_race/index. html). From this particular case, it could be observed that many among the American employers still see the African-American race as a lower level of human community that makes it harder for them to avoid racial discrimination cases that holds them responsible for not being able to attend to the needs and complaints of their Black American employees as well as they are able to attend to the needs of their White American employees. When it comes to incarceration practices, it could be observed that the situation is almost the same. The favor is usually given to the white Americans. It could be noted than in dealing with different cases, the courts in the United States have a hard time becoming much objective when the issue involves the racial differences of the whites versus the blacks. As noted in the study of the group of George Borjas: â€Å"Some studies note that the trend in black incarceration rates was shaped by the crack epidemic of the 1980s and early 1990s. The invention of crack cocaine in the early 1980s represented a technological innovation that greatly increased the profitability of the cocaine trade. As illegal drug markets expanded, crime rose (Grogger and Willis, 2000). Many jurisdictions responded by increasing both drug arrests and the likelihood of imprisonment for convicted arrestees (Boggess and Bound, 1997). Crack and its consequences were concentrated in African-American communities, in part because pre-existing black gangs acted to profit from the expanding drug trade (Fryer et al, 2005). † (Source:http://irpshome. ucsd. edu/faculty/gohanson/BorjasGroggerHanson. pdf) Individual and intellectual inferiority then is the primary result that is received by the entire American society. This particular problem affects the people as individuals, their opinions and their views with regards themselves begin to become inferior. True, discrimination among races in different fields of social division have and impact on people as individuals. Conclusion To be able to regulate the said situation, the black race tried to create some policies of absolutely separating themselves from the White society to be able to avoid dealing with the different problems of the said discriminative acts. Political commentators in the Republic of South Africa are not slow to draw attention to the racial turmoil boiling up in other countries. In this they feel they find some justification for the South African policy of apartheid, an Afrikaans word literally meaning â€Å"separateness. † However, in the minds of South Africa’s critics, apartheid represents the last word in racial intolerance and injustice. They argue that apartheid is degrading and is but an expression of selfish racialism to protect the interests of the white man in that part of Africa. South Africans hotly deny this. In efforts to justify their government’s policy, political commentators make much use of the expression â€Å"separate development† as a synonym for apartheid. The policy, they argue, is not just to separate people by race, but, rather, to provide opportunities for each race to develop according to its own culture, abilities and social habits. In support of this view these political commentators point to the government-sponsored â€Å"Bantustans† or â€Å"homelands† for the African people of various tribes. In these they can enjoy a large measure of internal self-government and develop almost as a state within a state. Efforts have been made to encourage white industrialists to establish factories on the borders of the â€Å"Bantustans† (called â€Å"border industries†). This would provide opportunity for employment in those areas that are mostly underdeveloped from the industrial viewpoint. However, it could not be denied that with all the efforts placed forward by the Black American society, they could still not attain of the freedom that they ought to experience. The social equality that they always wanted has not been completely experienced at al, not yet at this period of time. The realization of the society of the fact that everyone deserves to be treated equally regardless of the color of the skin of a certain race shall be the only key that could regulate the situation that invades the African-American society. References: George Borjas. IMMIGRATION AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES: THE RESPONSE OF WAGES, EMPLOYMENT, AND INCARCERATION TO LABOR SUPPLY SHOCKS. http://irpshome. ucsd. edu/faculty/gohanson/BorjasGroggerHanson. pdf. (May 24, 2007). EEOC got a $1 million settlement of a racial harassment case. http://www. lawmemo. com/blog/discrimination_race/index. html. (May 24, 2007). The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Questions and Answers About Race and Color Discrimination in Employment. http://www. eeoc. gov/policy/docs/qanda_race_color. html. (May 24, 2007). Jonathan Richardson. (2006). The Complicated Life of the African-American Man (Whats on His Mind). Now Its Done Inc. Asafa Jalata. (2002). Fighting Against the Injustice of the State and Globalization: Comparing the African American and Oromo Movements. Palgrave Macmillan. Francis Njubi Nesbitt. (2004). Race for Sanctions: African Americans Against Apartheid, 1946-1994. Indiana University Press. Gloria J. Browne-Marshall. (2007). Race, Law, and American Society: 1607 to Present (Criminology and Justice Studies). Routledge; 1 edition. The African Development Bank. (2002). African Development Report 2002: Rural Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa (African Development Report). Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition. American Federation Federation. (2003). American Co Mason Official Bulletin of the American Federation of Human Rights 1932. Kessinger Publishing. Donald Wright. (2000). African Americans in the Colonial Era: From African Origins through the American Revolution (The American History Series). Harlan Davidson; 2nd edition.

Social environment Essay Example for Free

Social environment Essay I am a person who frequents the local gym. In fact it is part of my daily routine and it is a social environment I have come to know very well. After hunting for a good parking space I make my way through the set of automatic sliding glass doors. The temperature is always a consistent 70 degrees Fahrenheit – cozy and comfortable in the winter, and a refreshing break from the blistering heat of summer. When I approach the front desk to swipe my membership card, one of three people will greet me. Usually it’s a middle aged African American man called â€Å"Mr. Fred,† and you can bet that he’ll be wearing a smile. No doubt, he knows almost every member’s name despite the fact that there are hundreds. On the rare occasion that Mr. Fred isn’t at the front desk, either a beautiful young girl with brown hair and brown eyes, or an older polite woman will greet me. As I make my way up the tall, carpeted staircase I scroll through my Ipod to find something fresh. Upon arriving at the top of the staircase I scan the area to see who is present. Is it busy? Is the cute girl I noticed last week here? My buddy from school? Anyone else I know? It’s truly amazing how much it depends on the time of day. We live by the clock and sometimes I don’t think we realize how much it structures our lives. Three PM means it’s slow – there will be a few older retired folks lethargically moving around and trying to keep themselves busy. At Four PM the space slowly starts to fill in with people that got off work early or left early to avoid the rush. At Five PM the facility comes alive. The cardio machines will soon all be occupied, the spinning classes begin, the lanes of the pool are now filled, and the clang of weights being shuffled around echoes throughout the gym. This is a colossal gym. The ceilings must be 40 feet high in some places. Most of the activity takes place on the second floor where there are over 100 cardio machines of various types. There is also an indoor track that surrounds the machines and the weights. I walk over to the stationary bikes to begin my warm-up and wonder how many people have sat on this seat since I last did. Sometimes the seat is still on position â€Å"16† like I left it the day before, other times I find it fully extended and I know a seven foot tall guy must have been there. After about ten minutes on the bike, I make my way over to the weights where I discover a new face. It’s a girl with blonde hair and she’s probably about 20 years old. She seems a little lost – perhaps a new member without much weight-training experience. It’s funny how many new members there are following every New Years. Indeed they have all just made resolutions to get into better shape. So after a couple minutes of fumbling around with one machine, a guy approaches the girl and offers his expertise on the subject. He asks her which muscle group she wants to focus on, and then demonstrates the correct movements on the machine. She looks at him wearily as she tries to replicate the motions and he nods in approval. It seems an instant relationship has just formulated between the two. Who knows where it will lead, they may end up together for the rest of their lives. Next I move over to where the free weights are located. I watch myself in the mirror as I lift the weights over my head and then bring them back to my shoulders in a slow, controlled motion. In the mirror I notice two girls behind me on the abdominal machines. And to take a line from Akon – I can’t help but to notice them, noticing me. I have seen them a couple times before and there is a feeling of familiarity – almost as though we know each other, yet we have never met. In one of my psychology classes, we learned the term â€Å"familiar strangers. † These can be described as people that we see over and over throughout our routines but people that we technically do not know. These girls are an example of familiar strangers because although I have never conversed with them, there is a sense that I do know them on some level. This is true of many people I see at the gym, some of which I see almost every day. It’s as if I have a certain connection with these people even though we are not acquaintances. It’s a peculiar situation. I see them every day but we don’t really speak to each other, yet if I saw one of them in another setting (a bar, restaurant, or store) I would almost feel compelled to speak. If I didn’t acknowledge them, it would be as though I was choosing to ignore the fact that I recognized them as a familiar person from the gym. Tuesdays at the gym are particularly interesting from a sociological perspective. It’s a very busy day because there are a lot of group classes. One class called â€Å"Zumba† combines dancing with an aerobic routine that has been choreographed to hip-hop music. This is the most popular class at the gym; in fact, it’s so popular that they had to move the class to the basketball court. The basketball court can be overlooked from the second floor; so needless to say, when the hip-hop music starts blaring it draws a lot of attention. But I’m not sure the music draws as much attention as the 75 women bouncing around on the basketball court. The guys upstairs literally flock to the railing to check out the action. And the funny thing is – they don’t tend to make any effort to be sly about watching the women below. Instead, they just stare at them, grinning from ear to ear and joke around with buddies. I’ll admit, it is very difficult to keep your eyes off of that many girls, but I do my best to avoid gawking. The gym is a place I have come to know well and it is an excellent facility. It sometimes even feels like a second home because everyone there is so welcoming and friendly. And if my Ipod isn’t enough to keep me entertained during my workout, there’s always the option of â€Å"people watching. †

Reflective case study in counselling

Reflective case study in counselling Part I: Case Assessment Report New Territories West Integrated Family Services Centre Case Assessment Report A. Basic Case Information Name of Client: Madam CHAN Sex/ Age of Client: F/36 Name of Worker: Dada Wong Nature of case: Counseling B. Presenting Problem Madam CHAN reported that she has been suffering from low mood, loss of appetite, headaches and insomnia for over a month. She had also lost motivation in doing household chores and would cry sometimes without reasons. C. Social History 1. Genogram 2. Family background Case client, Madam CHAN, moved from Mainland China to Hong Kong 5 years ago. She married with her husband, Mr. LEE, in Mainland China. They have one son, two daughters in total, and living together. Son is 12 years old, will become F. 1 student in secondary school, and daughters are 8 years old and 3 months respectively. Madam Chan got pregnancy last year and Mr. Lee suggested Madam Chan to have abortion but she refused. She insisted to give birth of the youngest daughter because she thinks it belongs to her. She expressed husband does not put much cares, include physical and financial, on the youngest daughter. Madam CHAN reported their marital relationship was fine when lived in Mainland China, but conflicts increase when move to Hong Kong. Client complains Mr. LEE sends most of his income for his parents in Mainland China and does not give much money for their family. They have arguments about this issue always. 3. Emotional condition Madam CHAN suffers from low mood, loss of appetite for over a month. She reported sometimes would cry without reasons and loss of motivation in doing housework at home. Emotional unstable when talking about her situation, she cried twice during the counseling process. 4. Health condition Client expresses loss of appetite, headaches and insomnia for over a month. She feels tired and lack of energy when at home, but no problem at working. 5. Financial condition Madam CHAN now works as a part-time waitress in restaurant, and responsible for taking orders and delivering dishes to customers. She earns around $5000 per month. Mr. LEE is an air-conditioner technician, earning around $12000 per month. Madam CHAN reports Mr. LEE does not contribute much income on own family, around $3000 per month, but gives most of money to his parents in Mainland China. She reported that most of the expenditures of family are supported by her own. 6. Supportive network Madam CHAN pays around $1000 each month for her younger sister to take care the baby when she goes to work. She expressed the money also viewed as a help to sister’s family. Client mentioned that her younger sister and brother have their own financial difficulties, therefore, she also needs to take the responsibility of parents’ financial supporting. Madam CHAN said she only visited for her parents two times after move to Hong Kong in five recent years. D. Case Analysis 1. Underlying problem Based on the information collected from counseling Madam CHAN, it is believed that her headaches and insomnia symptoms are closely related to the stress on family financial situation. Madam CHAN expressed worries of limited income from being part-time waitress, may not be sufficient for supporting the expenditure of whole family. She complained Mr. LEE giving most of the salaries for his parents in Mainland China but little for family expenditures and children. They argued for this issue many times after Madam CHAN moved from Mainland China to Hong Kong. She believes that family financial situation would be improved if Mr. LEE willing to share more monthly income to their family. She tried to ask for more financial supports from Mr. LEE but failed, and thought like begging from him. She feels angry about that and gives up trying anymore. For this reason, she believes she cannot reply on her husband. In addition, client complained Mr. LEE ignores the responsibilities of taking care of the children, especially the new born baby. On the other hand, based on the information got from Mr. LEE during interview, the third child is not he expected and wished. He believed the third child is a real burden on family financial aspect. He expressed the major reason of argument with Madam Chan is money distribution. 2. Assessment Counseling done. From the interviews, Madam CHAN presented the concern about the financial problem of family. She cried twice when talking about the issue of Mr. LEE sends most of the salaries to his family in Mainland China. She said, â€Å"Maybe our children are less valued than his family!†. That shows her anger about Mr. LEE behavior toward money distribution. She has expressed her worries about the maintenance of family income as one more child at home nowadays, expenses increase. She reported that feeling lack of energy when at home, suffering from low mood, headaches and insomnia for over a month, however, does not have these problems when working. It is believed that her physical discomfort symptoms like headaches and insomnia are due to the pressure and worries about family financial situation. From the interview with Mr. LEE, he expressed the new born baby is unplanned. He believes family situation in general would be better if without the third child. Mr. LEE expressed he has the money saving plan for children before, likes saving for their future study. That shows Mr. LEE willing to plan about the future of family. However, the new born makes the plan collapsed. He suggested Madam CHAN to have abortion but she insisted to preserve the baby. He was angry about that. Mr. LEE stated that Madam CHAN always ask for more money during the conversation. He has implied the new born may not belongs to him during the interview, but he did not explain further on this point. 3. Intervention It is believed that the emotional problem of Madam CHAN may due to the stresses on worrying about not able to take care of the children and maintain the family income at the same time. According to the information got from interview, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Approach would be appropriate to adopt in the intervention. CBT addresses the interactions between how we think, feel and behave (Somers, 2007). It believes that the peoples’ feelings, emotions, thoughts are the responses to the outside world. Therefore, one’s behaviors could be changed from changing their perception and cognition of the situation from the process of therapy (Somers, 2007). According to Hall Iqbal (2010), CBT could reduce the stress and anxiety level, and the related symptoms would be relieved when go through the therapy or treatment. CBT states that behaviours could be changed by changing perception. Therefore, the stress related symptoms of Madam CHAN, such as headaches and feeling lack o f energy, are expected be addressed if using CBT approach. E. Recommendation for Follow-up I would like to refer Madam CHAN for psychiatric consultation, to have medication treatments. It is necessary to relieve the physical discomfort of client immediately. Referral for psychiatric consultation was sent out. After addressing the problem of physical discomfort syndromes, it is recommend Madam CHAN to join education group about stress management in centre after having individual counseling, in order to learn the skill of handle stress in life. Counseling services in centre for Madam Chan keeps on for monitoring. CBT approach would be used on changing her perception about worrying the financial difficulties. For long term goal, joint interview and counseling of Madam CHAN and Mr. LEE is suggested for them. As both of Madam CHAN and Mr. LEE have plans on family future, thus, the joint interview would focus on encourage effective communication between each other, to discuss how to do the better distribution of family income. Signed by Intake Worker: _________Signed by Supervisor: _________ Date: _________ Date: _________ Reference Hall, K. Iqbal, F. (2010). The Problem with Cognitive Behavior Therapy. London: Karnac Book Company. Somers, J. (2007). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Core information document. Vancouver: Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Simon Fraser University. . Part II: Self-evaluation From the role-play practice, it was a good experience for me to feel the dynamic between worker and client. Within the practice, several communication and counseling skills have been used. Several basic communication skills have been used in the counseling practice, such as Questioning, Reflection of feeling, and Paraphrasing and Clarifying. During the counseling process, open and closed also have been used. For the closed question, such as â€Å"Have you discussed with your wife about the income distribution of family?†, in order to know whether Mr. LEE and Madam Chan ever talked about the core problem. As Mr. LEE answer â€Å"No†, and following an open question of â€Å"Why?† to Mr. LEE, in order to know the reason and the dynamic between them. In addition, Reflection of feeling can let me to know the exact feelings of clients, to distinguish the feeling of disappointment or angry with Mr. LEE. The skill of Paraphrasing and Clarifying also help me to clarifying the meaning of Mr. LEE as he implied some wordings like he doubted about the baby is not belongs to him. I think it is important to clarify from him as it might be another core family issu e in this case. Empathy is also one of the important elements has been used during the counseling process because it can let me to engage with Madam CHAN. Once she feels I am a person who could understand her feelings, she becomes more willing to talk and share with me about real difficulties she is facing. Therefore, empathy is one of the core elements within the intervention process. On the other hand, I had made a mistake in the intervention. I presumed the client emotion and attitude would be gradually better after each session. I anticipate Madam CHAN would turn to understand and appreciate Mr. LEE who has planned about their family future in last session. Therefore, I prepared a lot of suggestions based on Madam CHAN who is ready for consensus with Mr. LEE. However, my expectation failed. Madam CHAN does not want to agree with Mr. LEE, my suggestions were not suitable for client and seems I was not able to engage with her. It may due to I ignored the factors that they may have dynamic interaction during the week between sessions. From this mistake, I have learned that, as a worker, we should not presume the behavior and attitude of client. We could not include all the factors outside the intervention session. Also, behaviors are changeable. It was a good opportunity for me to learn, worker should prepare for changes every moment Generally, I have urged client to change her mind and perception and ignore the emotional needs of client. As I would like to use CBT to be my intervention approach, to make client believes that the situation is not really bad and would like her to understand that Mr. LEE also planned for family future, I hope to change her mind as soon as possible. Thus, I may ignore the emotion needs of client, such as addressing her anger about feeling unresponsive of Mr. LEE. From this role-play, I have learned that, do not only focus on the intervention process but also need to cater and care about the feelings and emotions of client. It was a good experience for me to prepare the case work in the coming future. 1

The Tragedy of Emma Bovary :: essays research papers fc

The Tragedy of Emma Bovary "I've never been so happy!" Emma squealed as she stood before the mirror. " Let's go out on the town. I want to see Chorus and the Guggenhiem and this Jack Nicholson character you are always talking about." Emma Bovary in Woody Allen's The Kugelmass Episode. As I sit here pondering the life of Emma Bovary I wonder what it must have really been like for her. She was young, younger than I am now when she died. She was curious and bright and probably would have been a great college student; passionate but with her head a little bit in the clouds. Opportunities for women in the 1850's were, as we all know, extremely limited. I wonder if I would have fared much better than Emma if I had been as trapped as her. I also married young, but when I realized it had been a mistake I had the option of a divorce, Emma did not. I have had the opportunity to receive a good education and to choose for myself what path my life would take. I feel very sorry for Emma. Having never been given the opportunity to discover her true self or to develop her dreams and hopes for her future, all she had to base her aspirations on were trashy romance novels. I cannot imagine what my life would be like if all of my teenage curiosity had been forced to be satisfied by nothing but Danielle Steel romance novels. Emma strove to better herself and her situation. She wanted to reach the upper echelon of society; she wanted what we in this country refer to as the "american dream." She wanted more than her parents had. Emma wanted to feel great love and own nice things and live in a wonderful city. These are not things that are alien to most of us. Although it may be amusing to read Woody Allen's‘ #' 0*((a a ‘ take on what Emma Bovary might be like if she went to modern day New York, it must also be realized that he is not completely mistaken in his ideas of her character. In a very humorous manner, Woody Allen is able to sum up Emma's lust for life and her desire to experience and learn new things; to actually go out and live. Perhaps a trip such as the one described in Mr. Allen's short story would have been the thing to save Emma Bovary, although I doubt she would have ever wanted to go back to Yonville as she does in Allen's story.

The World as a Wasteland: A Comparison of Two American Modern Poets, Ro

â€Å"[F]uture commentators on American poetry and political issues will not be able to ignore the †¦ authentic voice of the region,† argues Barry Ahearn, author of the article Poetry: 1900 to the 1940s, which discusses the importance of the author writing about his or her region of choice in their poetry and how it affects their writing (Ahearn 373). Ahearn discusses writers such as Sterling A. Brown, Langston Hughes, H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), Robert Frost, Robinson Jeffers, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Lorine Niedecker, George Oppen, John Crowe Ransom, Charles Rezikoff, Muriel Rukeyser, Gertrude Stine, Wallace Stevens, Sara Teasdale, William Carlos Williams, and Louis Zukofksy. The purpose of mentioning so many, claims Ahearn, is to gather a survey of works between 1900 and the 1940s. The discussion of these writers creates a wide range of Modernist authors that influenced each other and the people who read their works; the author claims that the authenticity of the writer is what creates a more accurate work of literature and the life experiences of these authors is the material that adds to their writing as a whole. For example, Robert Frost and Langston Hughes are regional writers that focus on specific places but have similar qualities in their poems that transcend the locale. Two poems exemplify these qualities -- â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening† with â€Å"Birches† by Robert Frost and â€Å"Theme for English B† with â€Å"Visitors to the Black Belt† by Langston Hughes. Both authors express their world as a wasteland; their environments are portrayed in poor or discouraging light due to human intrusion, or lack thereof, within their communities. Modernist Poetry involves a movement away from the self and the emotions of the individual. Typical... ...5. EDS Foundation Index. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. Frost, Robert. â€Å"Birches.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 1400-1402. Print. Frost, Robert. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 1403. Print. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Theme for English B.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 2036. Print. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Visitors to the Black Belt.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th.Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 2032. Print. Leffelholz, Mary. The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. D. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 1177-1191. Print.

John Stuart Mill :: essays research papers

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873 John had a teleological view of ethics. He is also known as the 1st advocate for women. Lived during the time of the Industrial Revolution. Born to a rich man, he was the youngest, Mr. Mill retired after having John and deticated his life to making John a genius. Mr. Mill home educated John all his life in hopes to create a genius. Not once in Johns life at home was he able to leave the compound of his fathers home. John had to educate his older brothers and sisters. At the age of 14 Johns standard or intellect was very high. At 14 he was given the summer off and went to Paris with his cousins. By the age of 15 Mr. Mill was inviting leading scholars in mathematics, literature, science†¦and want John to prove to them that he knew more in that subject than they did. The amazing thing is that he know more about those subject than the scholars. At 21 he was a genius but had a breakdown. He was sent to a rest home where no drugs where administered. It was merely a place for him to rest and relax. He was a very left brained person with all the factual knowledge he had and this place allowed him to explore the right side†¦.poems, literature†¦Mr. Mills disowned John because he want a genius and geniuses don’t go crazy. When John gets out he is perfectly fine, still and genius and sane at the same time. When John gets out he gets a job with the East India Company. With all the knowledge John had he never taught. He worked all his life and did philosophy for fun on the side. John was never mad at his father for what he did to him, instead he was mad at his mother for allowing Mr. Mill mistreat John. Strangely enough John becomes the first advocate for women. By 23 or 24 John meets a woman by the name of Harriet Taylor. She is known as the wild woman of Europe and also a radical. Harriet was married to a rich man whom she had total control over. Harriet was known to frequent the men’s clubs alone where she would drink and smoke. When she meets John she falls in love and for about 20 years they would see each other while she was still married.

As a Child

Our whole lives, we have been taught to be ambitious and competitive. Getting accepted into a prestigious university and employment in a high-paying job is essential in life, and is the way to be happy. So far, this is what I have tried to follow for the past 10 years, but is that really how one should live their life? Constantly picking faults, looking at the next best thing, earning the most money, does money really buy happiness? The summer of 2009, I flew to Delhi, India with my mother to visit my uncles, aunts and my grandfather as they were in shock because one of my aunts had died. A week after we arrived, we headed for a week-long trip to see the rest of Delhi, with our family. As a child, I always thought of India as a developing nation and I envisioned broken streets and bathrooms everywhere. But as I walked into the hotel, I realized that this place was really professional, much like Toronto is, with clean roads, no bathroom stalls on the streets. The only issue I had was with the mosquitoes; they would visit us every night and became a nuisance! The next few days were similarly surprising and fun. The way they made every day an adventure. In the evenings, after dinner, everyone would start up the karaoke machine and sing along in Hindi to it. They would stand together, holding hands and swaying to the music, and before I knew it, all my worries were gone. The days seemed to fly by quickly. The last night of our trip, we all ate dinner around a big, round table. They all talked about their lives and the hardships they faced. I had known the basics about their past careers as my mother had told me on the way here, but what my grandfather told me, shocked me. He was nowhere near as well-off as I had expected. He explained how many relationships were torn apart because of disputes, divorce and even death. Yet even as my grandfather told me of all his hardships, he smiled like a pug with a face with countless wrinkles, encouraging me to strive for my goals and to value my youth. I couldn't smile back. How could these people still laugh and sing as I had seen them do for the past few days when their lives were so imperfect? I couldn't even begin to imagine what it would feel like to go through all that pain; the idea was simply beyond me. â€Å"It is inevitable that life deals you hardships and obstacles†, he explained. â€Å"Sometimes they are big and it may seem im possible to overcome them, but you always have to try.† He pointed to his wallet with a picture of my cousin as an example. â€Å"There is no way to bring her back†, he told me. I thought about myself, and how I used to cry over a bad haircut. I remembered the time when I was in grade 7; I had failed a math test, and thought it was the end of the world. The smallest, most meaningless things used to ruin my day. As I looked around the table at all the smiling faces of my uncles and aunts, I began to realize that what grades you get or what university you go to, is all completely irrelevant. Money, popularity, and all our obsessions for things are so meaningless! Nothing in the world could make me happy if I was constantly looking at the next best thing and continuously picking faults. Yet my grandfather had possessed no material wealth, didn't go to the greatest university, wasn't the smartest student, but seemed like the happiest person on earth. The rest of my trip in India passed by in a blur. Before I knew it, I was sitting in an airplane, watching Delhi fall below me, and for some reason, as I thought of my family and all their joy and passion for life, I was reminded of a quote I had heard somewhere. â€Å"Pain is inevitable, but suffering is optional.† That was when I realized that there would always be problems in our lives, but beside them are also all the good things; they are simply overshadowed. It is just up to us to find them.

Google Book Case Essay

Ancient Ages The Royal Library of Alexandria, or Ancient Library of Alexandria, in Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The Library is famous for having been burned, resulting in the loss of many scrolls and books, and has become a symbol of â€Å"knowledge and culture destroyedâ€Å". A single piece of writing might occupy several scrolls, and this division into self-contained â€Å"books† was a major aspect of editorial work. King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (309–246 BC) is said to have set 500,000 scrolls as an objective for the library. [17] Mark Antony supposedly gaveCleopatra over 200,000 scrolls (taken from the great Library of Pergamum) for the library as a wedding gift Ancient Ages Egyptian Papyrus After extracting the marrow from the stems, a series of steps (humidification, pressing, drying, gluing, and cutting), produced media of variable quality, the best being used for sacred writing. Dresden Codex The only currently deciphered complete writing system in the Americas is the Maya scroll. The Maya, along withseveral other cultures in Mesoamerica,  constructed concertina-style books written on Amatl paper. Nearly all Mayan texts were destroyed by the Spanish during colonization on cultural and religious grounds. One of the few surviving examples is the Dresden Codex. A Chinese Bamboo Book Writing on bone, shells, wood and silk existed in China long before the 2nd century BC. Paper was invented in China around the 1st century AD. 3 4 Middle Ages â€Å"At the end of the Middle Ages, in a small town in the Rhine Valley, an unassuming metalworker tinkered with a rickety wine press, metal alloys and oil-based ink. The result of his labors was an invention that took the world’s information and made it exponentially more accessible and useful. † Google Corporate Website on Johannes Gutenberg1 Handwritten notes by Christopher Columbus on the Latin edition of Marco Polo’s Le livre des merveilles. Modern Ages Among a series of developments that occurred in the 1990s, the spread of digital multimedia, which encodes texts, images, animations, and sounds in a unique and simple form was notable for the book publishing industry. Hypertext further improved access to information. Finally, the internet lowered production and distribution costs. An electronic book (variously: e-book, eBook, ebook, digital book, or even e-edition) is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices. â€Å"Modern Book Printing† sculpture, showing a pile of modern codex books. First printed book in Georgian was published in Rome, in 1629 by Niceforo Isbachi 5 6 1 10/7/2013 No. of Books in History Technological Advancement US-published print book manifestations, by publication date (1900-2008)* 7 8 General Statistics Market Share & Penetration 9 10 What happen in the U. S. Book Market E-Book Adoption by World’s Regions 11 12 2 10/7/2013 How reader discover books? E-Book vs Print-Book 13 14 Battle among the best Battle among the best 15 16 A Visual Look at â€Å" There is nothing more fun than doing that work† 17 18 3 10/7/2013 Mission & Goal A Visual Look at A Visual Look at Google’s mission is to â€Å"organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. † In order to accomplish this goal, Google stresses two main ideals: (a) always focus on the user and (b) there is always more information out there. â€Å"bring all the world’s information to users seeking answers. † In the interest of the user, Google aims to 19 20 Ethical Commitment A Visual Look at A Visual Look at Google’s basic ethical commitments were famously captured in its early This motto, which frames Google’s Code of motto: Conduct – and looking clearly over its shoulder at Microsoft – stands for its â€Å"recognition that everything we do in connection with our work at Google will be, and should be, measured against the highest possible standards of ethical business conduct. † â€Å"Don’t be evil. † 21 22 Where it all begins †¦ In 2002, Larry Page start this question. Where it all begins †¦ â€Å"How long it would take to scan every book in the world† ? After conducting their experiment, Page and team decided to travel the country to understand how existing digitization projects worked and how Google could use its technology to improve these efforts. To answer the question, Page and his team experimented on a 300-page book with a high-resolution camera and a musical metronome â€Å"We took the pictures to the beat of the metronome so he wouldn’t be taking pictures of my thumbs. † University of Michigan, the most precise estimation for scanning UM’s university library (7 million volumes) was  1,000 years. million books. 24 By 2010 Google had scanned more than 12 23 4 10/7/2013 The Partner Program The Partner Program works with authors and publishers to form a technological database of physically represented knowledge and to transfer this knowledge into a new digital format for use by future generations. In the users’ interest, each book added is one closer to Google’s overarching goal: The Library Project The Library Project Google has continued working with major libraries to include their volumes in Google Books. The Library Project serves users the same way a card catalog would. The Library Project functions as a tool to connect readers to relevant texts, many of which are out of copyright and would otherwise be impossible to find. Jo Guldi, a University of California (UC) doctoral candidate, proclaims, â€Å"This is huge. † She explains that UC’s partnership with Google Book Search allows scholars, students, and faculty to search through UC Library’s 5 million books online rather than having to laboriously search through 28 miles of universal access to organized information that is not partial or mutated. The Gulf War Chronicles, after entered into Google Book Search, sales ranking  jumped on the Barnes & Nobles index by 85%. 25 shelves. 26 The Library Project The Library Project As the director of one of the dozens of libraries around the world partnering with Google, Harvard University Library’s Sidney Verba believes the Library The Library Project The Case Study Advancement of Mankind Authors’ Inspiration & Business Ethics Project is an undertaking actively capturing the potential of the future: The new century presents important new opportunities for libraries, including Harvard’s, and for those individuals who use them. The collaboration between major research libraries and Google will create an important public good of benefit to students, teachers, scholars, and readers everywhere. The project harnesses the power of the Internet to allow users to identify books of interest with a precision and at a speed previously unimaginable. The user will then be guided to find books in local libraries or to purchase them from publishers and book vendors. And, for books in the public domain, there will be even broader access. Public Libraries, Universities Authors. Individuals Publishers Liberating or Appropriating 27 28 Discussion Who is harmed by Google’s Print Library program? Make a list of harmed groups, and for each group, try to devise a solution that would eliminate or lessen the harm. Discussion1 The Library Project Authors Guild Class Action Suit The Authors Guild is America’s â€Å"oldest and largest professional society of published authors, representing more than 8,000 writers. † Its stated purpose is to â€Å"advocate for and support the copyright and contractual interests of published writers. † The Guild lobbies on the â€Å"national and local levels on behalf of all authors on issues such as copyright, taxation, and freedom of expression,† and intervenes in publishing disputes. 29 30 5 10/7/2013 Discussion1 The Library Project Authors Guild Class Action Suit Discussion1 The Library Project Not only AG, Not only Google It accused Google of â€Å"unauthorized scanning and copying of books through its Google Library program† By reproducing for itself a copy of those works that are not in the public domain, Google is engaging in a massive copyright infringement. It has infringed, and continues to infringe, the electronic rights of the copyrighted holders of those works . . . Google has announced plans to reproduce the Works for use on its web site in order to attract visitors to its web sites and generate advertising revenue. the American Authors Guild, the Australian Society of Authors and the Quebec Union of Writers filed a lawsuit on September 12 against five major universities working with Google on their Google books project. As reported in the New York Time, the lawsuit asserts that â€Å"by digitizing, archiving, copying and now publishing the copyrighted works without the authorization of those works’ rights holders, the universities are engaging in one of the largest infringements in history. † The lawsuit is against Google and HathiTrust The Guild claimed the display of these books online resulted in â€Å"depreciation in the value and ability to license and sell the Works, lost profits and/or opportunities, and 31 damage to their goodwill and reputation. † HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries including content digitized via the Google Books project and Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries. 32 Discussion1 The Library Project Not only AG, Not only Google The authors are seeking to â€Å"impound† approximately 7 Discussion1 The Library Project The LCA Strikes Back million copyrightprotected books that they claim were illegally scanned by Google and handed. over to HathiTrust, a partnership that includes over 50 research institutions and libraries. HathiTrust, which includes institutions such as MIT, Harvard and Johns Hopkins is currently compiling their own digitized library that includes many books to which the authors still hold rights to, according to the Authors’ Guild. In addition to HathiTrust, their suit takes aim specifically at the University of Michigan where HathiTrust is based, the University of California, the University of Wisconson, Indiana University and Cornell University. The Library Copyright Alliance (LCA) consists of three major library associations — the American Library Association, the Association of Research Libraries, and the Association of College and Research Libraries. The purpose of the LCA is to work toward a unified voice and common strategy for the library community in responding to and developing proposals to amend national and international copyright law and policy for the digital environment. The LCA’s mission is to foster global access and fair use of information for creativity, research, and education. 33 34 Discussion1 The Library Project The LCA Strikes Back Discussion1. The Library Project The LCA Strikes Back Two days after the lawsuit was filed the Library Copyright Alliance condemned AG â€Å"The case has no merit, and completely disregards the rights of libraries and their users under the law, especially fair use,† The â€Å"fair use† that the LCA is referring to is a legal doctrine that allows the reproduction of copyrighted material under certain circumstances. Even the US Copyright Office admits that â€Å"the distinction between fair use and infringement may be unclear and not easily defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be taken without permission. † How the fair use is defined? 35 36 6 10/7/2013 Discussion1 The Library Project American Association of Publishers Lawsuit Discussion1 The Library Project American Association of Publishers Lawsuit The publishing industry is united behind this lawsuit against Google and united in the fight to defend their rights. While authors and publishers know how useful Google’s search engine can be and think the Print Library could be an excellent resource, the bottom line is that under its current plan Google is seeking to make millions of dollars by freeloading on the talent and property of authors and publishers. According to an AAP press release, the suit was filed on behalf of five major publisher members of AAP The Association of American Publishers (AAP) is the national trade association of the U. S. book publishing industry, with over 300 members. These include â€Å"major commercial publishers, as well as smaller and non-profit publishers, university presses, and scholarly societies. The AAP mission is â€Å"the protection of intellectual property rights in all media, the defense of the freedom to read and the freedom to publish at home and abroad, and the promotion of reading and literacy. † 37 38 Discussion1. The Library Project How did Google respond? Discussion1 The Library Project Google’s Definition of â€Å"Fair Use† Google further supported its â€Å"Fair Use† argument by asserting the exact premise of the Supreme Court explanation in a precedent case. In a section of Google’s Books Search website titled, â€Å"What’s the Issue? ,† Google defended its stance: Google Print is an historic effort to make millions of books easier for people to find and buy. Creating an easy to use index of books is fair use under copyright law and supports the purpose of copyright: to increase the awareness and sales of books directly benefiting copyright holders. This short-sighted attempt to block Google Print works counter to the interests of not just the world’s readers, but also the world’s authors and publishers. Google issued an official statement â€Å" Copyright law is supposed to ensure that authors and publishers have an incentive to create new work, not stop people from finding out that the work exists. By helping people find books, we believe we can increase the incentive to publish them. After all, if a book isn’t discovered, it won’t be bought. † 39 40 Discussion1 The Library Project How much AG demand? $3 billion The Authors Guild is seeking $750 in damages for each copyrighted book Google copied, which would cost Google more than $3 billion, Google attorney Seth Waxman said. The guild argues Google is not making â€Å"fair use† of copyrighted material by offering snippets of works. Google has defended its library, saying it is fully compliant with copyright law. Discussion 1 Summary Who is harmed by Google’s Print Library program? Obviously, 2 parties were harmed by the birth of Google Book 1. Author Copyright, Revenue Reduction 2. Publisher Public can access online (free of charge), Publisher role will be finally eliminated 42. Parker at one point asked Robert J. LaRocca, a lawyer for the Authors Guild, said the legal issues would not take another decade or more to resolve. He said one possible outcome was that Google would be banned from going ahead with its plans, although he called that outcome â€Å"very remote† and said it was more likely that the Authors Guild, if victorious, would ask the judge to order a compulsory license requiring Google to pay $750 for each new copyrighted book it copied. 41 7 10/7/2013 For each group, try to devise a solution that would eliminate or lessen the harm. Author Copyright compensation Publisher Business agreement, Join Venture, Put them in the business model Fair Payment Structure for each parties may hard to be determined 43 44 Discussion2 How they make MONEY ? How they make MONEY ? The Top 10 Most Expensive Keywords are: 1. Insurance 2. Loans 3. Mortgage 4. Attorney 5. Credit 6. Lawyer 7. Donate 8. Degree 9. Hosting 10. Claim While the minimum bid per keyword is 5 cents in AdWords, the high cost keywords listed above are nowhere near that. Google can make up to $50 per click from the most expensive PPC keywords. Keyword Advertising is a highly lucrative business for Google. 45 46. 97% comes from online pay-per-click advertising. At WordStream we can’t How does Google make money? Surprisingly, get enough PPC; that’s why we decided to conduct some research and find out what the most expensive keywords are in Google. Some of our results about the most popular and most expensive PPC keywords were to be expected, while some (like cord blood and mesothelioma treatment) surprised us and our readers. Discussion2 How they make MONEY ? 47 Discussion Discussion 1 Summary Why is Google Pursuing the Library Project? What is in it for Google? Make a list of benefit to Google Discussion2 48 8 10/7/2013. Discussion 2 Summary Why is Google Pursuing the Library Project? 1. Increase Google Searches 2. More ads = More Profit 3. Market Expansion 4. Horizontal Integration 5. Build barrier to entry 49 50 Discussion If you were a librarian, would you support Google’s Print Library program? Why or why not? Discussion3 Publishers’ Opinion Google Books is a key to our overall Internet strategy of reaching new markets with our books in an effective and efficient way. We have seen overall traffic to our site increase, backlist sales rise, and we’ve acquired nearly 4,000 new direct book customers for free since the program launched. Evan Schnittman VP, Rights & Bus Dev 51 52 Discussion3 A 1999 Blackwell’s title, Metaphysics: An Anthology, has had 2,583 page views and 597 â€Å"buy this book† click-throughs since it became part of the program. Without any other marketing, the title has had â€Å"its best year in the U. S. since publication†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The high rate of â€Å"buy this book† clicks is translating into sales for our deep backlist. Edward Crutchley Book Sales Director Discussion3 Authors’ Opinion When The Gulf War Chronicles first appear in Google Books, its sales ranking on the Barnes & Noble index jumped by 85% and stay there Richard S. Lowry. Books featured in the Partner Program show a 15. 3% (customer) â€Å"conversion rate,† which means that web surfers who clicked on a Simon and Schuster book in Google Books either bought a book or went to the Simon and Schuster web site and, for example, subscribed to a newsletter. Conversion rates for other search engines languish around 1-3%. Kate Tentler Senior Vice President of Digital Media, Simon & Schuster 53 54 9 10/7/2013 Discussion3 The Library Project Copyright Dimension Discussion3 The Library Project Copyright Around The World 55 Mostly between 50 – 70 years 56 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Arriba Vs Kelly Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Image Copyright of Image Court Decision Arriba Soft operated a visual search engine on the Internet, which returned images instead of text to user search queries. Arriba compiled images from various websites and despite not getting consent from any of these websites, it formed a database containing reduced thumbnails of these images. Leslie Kelly, a professional photographer from California specializing in photographing California gold rush country, discovered that some of his pictures were embedded in the Arriba database. He sued Arriba Soft for copyright infringement. In this case, the U. S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit determined Arriba’s use of Kelly’s photographs were â€Å"Fair Use† and thus not a copyright infringement. 1) not be commercial in nature, but a â€Å"transformative† purpose 2) The nature of copyright law is to protect creative works more so than works of fact 3) only provided the thumbnails of the images 4) serve as an advertising medium for Kelly’s work What do you think ? 57 58 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Image Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry UMG vs MP3. com Court Decision Copyright of Music The court decided (1) & (4) were consistent with Fair Use and (2) & (3) were not. But on balance this was enough for it to grant Arriba’s motion and deny Kelly’s claims to copyright infringement, because of the weight it attached to (1). In 2000, UMG Recordings, Inc. brought a lawsuit to the U. S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against MP3. com. UMG Recordings sued MP3. com for copying its recordings and placing them onto MP3. com’s computer servers. These  The court found that Arriba never took ownership of Kelly’s work and determined the search engine used Kelly’s images for a purely transformative purpose. servers allowed people who had previously bought the CD to access the music on this CD online from multiple locations. 59 60 10 10/7/2013 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Music Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Sony Vs Universal City Studio Court Decision Copyright of Recording Universal City Studios sued Sony Corporations in 1979 on the claim that Sony’s MP3. com elected to defend itself with a Fair Use argument. The district courts, however, ruled in UMG’s favor stating that â€Å"copyright holders new recording device was a copyright infringement. The Betamax (Sony’s home recording device) allowed users to copy complete TV shows for â€Å"time shift† – the ability to watch programs at a time different than the allotted broadcast time slot. Sony argued its recording device was fair use and did not constitute any contributory infringement of copyright. had the exclusive rights to control derivative markets by refusing to license a copyrighted work. †29 By entirely copying recordings – creative works closer to the core of copyright protection The court did not find MP3. com’s use of the recordings to be consistent with the tenets of fair use. 61 62 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Recording Discussion3 The Library Project Impact on Music Industry Court Decision The Supreme Court agreed with Sony on its contention of fair use, and in its decision emphasized the value of creating a new area of fair use to adapt for new technological capabilities: â€Å"Where valuable technology does not promote contributory infringement by third parties, the courts are more likely to grant fair use. † 63 64 Discussion3 The Library Project Format Revolution Discussion3 The Library Project Impact on Music Industry According to an undated RIAA press release, â€Å"global music piracy causes $12. 5 billion of economic losses every year, 71,060 U. S. jobs lost, and a loss of $422 million in tax revenues, $291 mil, a loss of $2. 7 billion in workers’ earningslion in personal income tax and $131 million in lost corporate income and production taxes. †35 In addition, RIAA argues, the loss in revenues provides a disincentive for record producers and music artists to produce the music. (For a graphical view of piracy on the music industry, please see Appendix IV). The Decline and Fall of Recorded Music Is the Case For a Format Revolution 65 66 11 10/7/2013 Discussion3 The Library Project Impact on Music Industry Discussion3 The Library of Digitization on the Book Industry The Impact Project Association of Canadian Publishers concluded that the best course of action was to But it turned out  to be that the not everyone agree with RIAA. But which side is the majority? And which side is correct? â€Å"educate publishers as to the situation but to leave it to them to determine whether to participate or not. † The report emphasized that â€Å"Google presents the industry with both an opportunity and a huge challenge. † The report noted that there is no fee for publishers to join the program, and Google â€Å"gives publishers a share of revenue from contextual ads, placed next to the book pages, that are actually clicked on. † advised that, â€Å"publishers are best served if they  own their own digital files, that Google does not give publishers a copy of any file that they digitize and that the Google file is not of superior quality. 67 68 If you were a librarian, would you support Google’s Print Library program? Why or why not? 1. Support as long as it’s under â€Å"Copyright Law†, or at the point that 1. 1 Authors will be properly inspired 1. 2 Business is on going 2. Google Books will be like world digital public library which definitely better than the physical library in many ways 3. The integration of knowledge will top up the wisdom of mankind 69 Discussion Discussion 3 Summary. Why firms like Amazon, Yahoo, and Microsoft opposed the Library Project? Why would a firm like Sony Support Google? 70 Discussion4 The Library Digital Cold War ofProject World? Discussion4 The Library Project Amazon vs Google â€Å"Dozens of libraries have understood the danger of the Google Book maneuver and have joined the OCA. † Jean-Claude Guedon, Professor of Literature at the University of Montreal 71 72 12 10/7/2013 Discussion4 Discussion4 The Library Project Microsoft, Yahoo vs Google Both are the competitors of Google in some ways.. But clearly that there is a huge gap between them, what will Google. Books impact on the gap? Will Google Books Settlement make the investment in Amazon’s Kindle both device and file useless ? With Google Books, every device that can connect to the internet can be e-Reader 73 74 Discussion4 The Library Project Google & Sony 75 Google TV is a Smart TV platform from Google co-developed by Intel, Sony, and Logitech that was launched in October 2010. [2] Google TV integrates the Google Chromebrowser to create an interactive television overlay on top of existing Internet 76 television and WebTV sites to add a 10-foot user interface. Discussion4 The Library Project Sony vs Amazon Discussion 4 Summary Why firms like Amazon, Yahoo, and Microsoft opposed the Library Project? The Google Books Settlement will grant Google the exclusive right to sell out of print works that remain under contract Amazon will be impacted dramatically because it is the biggest online bookstore and have just created their reading device â€Å"Kindle† which is pictured as the new era of book reading 77 78 13 10/7/2013 Discussion 4 Summary Why firms like Amazon, Yahoo, and Microsoft opposed the Library Project? Discussion 4 Summary Why would a firm like Sony Support Google? Yahoo would also opposed the settlement because Google search will definitely be more benefit to searchers Microsoft is the one who try creating the online library but not successful Sony is also the one who offer the reader device â€Å"The Daily Edition† so it want to challenges Amazon’s Kindle sale Sony also has the agreement with Google to access more than 500,000 e-books 79 80 Discussion Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Discussion5 The Digitalization Other Library Project Effort Live Search Books – Funded by Microsoft and started in 2006, folded in May of 2008. www. archive. org – driving force behind the Open Content Alliance, Internet Archive is a non-profit, and is the second-largest books scanning project, has scanned 1. 3 million books www. booksurge. com– subsidiary of Amazon. com, effort to digitize â€Å"hard-to-fi nd† books, giving 35% royalties on retail sales of paperback books. 81 82 Discussion5 The Digitalization Other Library Project Effort . Discussion5 The Library Monopoly ? Google, TheProject Jstor. org – archive system for academic journals â€Å" europeana. eu– provides access to European digital items including digitized paintings, books and films. I worry about the effects on competition. Google’s high settlement payments are barriers to entry by anyone else. Though it’s plausible no one had the resources or spine to compete with Google regardless, a judicial determination that the use was fair would have enabled more competition in parallel and distinct library offerings. Now, Google cements its advantage in yet another field. † www. safaribooksonline. com – provides access to books, videos, and tutorials from O’Reilly, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, Microsoft Press, and others. 83 Wendy Seltzer, Professor at American University’s Washington College of Law 84 14. 10/7/2013 Discussion5 The Library Monopoly ? Google, TheProject Discussion5 The Library Monopoly ? Google, TheProject â€Å" Has Google backed away from an interesting and socially constructive fair use fight in order to secure market power for itself? Does this deal give Google an unfair head start against any secondcomers to book scanning? Michael Madison, Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law † As part of the settlement, Google agreed to pay $34. 5 million to establish the Books Rights Registry, which is supposed to serve as an independent party to dole out Google’s royalties to the rightful parties. Seventy percent of all revenues earned through the Google Books Project would go to the Books Rights Registry, and then on the holders of the copyrights. 85 86 Discussion5 Google, The Monopoly ? Discussion 5 Summary â€Å" Google will enjoy what can only be called a monopoly – a monopoly of a new kind, not of railroads or steel but of access to information. Google has no serious competitors. Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Probable !!!! 1. The settlement allows Google to sell copies of works that no other organization in the U. S. can sell 2. The settlement allows Google to do things that no one else can reasonably expect to ever be able to do. 87 88 † Robert Darnton, Head of the Harvard library system Discussion 5 Summary Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Discussion 5 Summary Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Probable !!!! 3. Currently, there is no reasonable expectation that a competitor to Google Book will or could ever arise 4. The current settlement allows Google to set prices for books that will ultimately be anti-competitive. 5. As more and more libraries disappear, and physical copies of orphaned works become harder to come by, Google’s monopolistic possession of these works will only strengthen. BTW !!!! Nothing is impossible in digital world, there are strongly negative criticisms about Google from may parties. Some even share their resource and build the new organization to challenge Google Book. The case like Microsoft Encarta and Wikipedia may be not only the case that giant is defeated by ant 89 90 15.