The Life, Times, and Poetry of Federico Garcia Lorca

English 272 7 March 2012 The Life, Times, and Poetry of Federico Garcia Lorca It would be safe to say that Federico Garcia Lorca was one of Spain’s most highly touted authors. His poetry is marked by brilliance, originality, and dramatic flair; and his plays are among the best examples of twentieth century poetic drama. Lorca, the preferred name of Federico, was born in Fuente Vaqueros, a village near Granada, on June 5, 1898. His parents were Don Federico Garcia, a respected and prosperous landowner, and Vicenta Lorca.Lorca claims he received his intelligence and artistic inclinations from his mother, who was very influential in his secular upbringing. Lorca and his family moved to Granada in 1909, and this is where Lorca attended school and eventually graduated from in 1914 (Bourgoin and Byers). Lorca attended the University of Granada for a time, and then traveled to Madrid in 1919 to enter the famous Residencia de Estudiantes to continue his university work. The Residencia , or living quarters, was a center of liberal activity in generally conservative Spain.The metropolitan Madrid suited the young Lorca more so than provincial Granada, and he soon joined radical young groups of students. These groups of young students explored novel ideas and spent much of their time in the cafes of Madrid. In 1921, Lorca met Salvador Dali, also a student at the time and the two formed a personal and artistic attachment to one another. He stayed in the Residencia, except for his summers, until 1928, without ever choosing a course of study (Bourgoin and Byers).Lorca’s first published work, Impresiones y paisajes (Impressions and Landscapes), published in 1918, describes an Andalusian trip taken earlier that year. In the early 1920s, Lorca began writing poems for what would be his first important book, Canciones (Songs), which was published in 1927. Canciones reveals two strong influences on Lorca’s poetic formation: the traditional and the vanguard, call ed ultraism in Spain. He utilized the ballad, Andalusian themes, and other popular forms from the traditional style.From the vanguard, he developed the tendency toward novel and surprising metaphors, and he developed a syntax without normal connecting and relating words. In 1928, in intense personal crisis and feverish literary activity, he published Romancero Gitano (Gypsy Ballads), which gained him his international reputation. He then moved to New York in 1929 because he was suffering from serious emotional problems due to his advances on Dali were rejected. He settled into a dormitory at Columbia University where he wrote Poeta en Nueva York (Poet in New York), a book of poems so revolutionary he did not dare publish them during his lifetime.Along with his poetry, he penned many plays during his short life. In 1936, at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, Lorca went home to Granada. While in Granada, he was taken into custody by the nationalist forces controlling the town, pe rhaps because of his personal connections, or because of his known sympathies for the Republican cause. Lorca was executed by firing squad, on the morning of August 9, 1936, ending a life of brilliance (Bourgoin, Byers). Poet in New York is one of Lorca’s most notable works.Poet in New York was written during Lorca’s ten month stent in New York City, which was supposed to be spent studying English at Columbia University. Poet in New York is divided into ten sections which correspond with five alternative moments of spiritual experiences. In section one, â€Å"Poems of Solitude at Columbia University,† Lorca is expressing his loneliness as he is lost in a strange world. In sections two and three, â€Å"The Negroes† and â€Å"Streets and Dreams† respectively, pain, spiritual vacuity and primitive passion are emanated.In sections four and five form a sort of pastoral pair and chronologically do not correspond to the actual experiences of Lorca. In sec tion six, a becalmed tone persists, but death is introduced through many subdued allusions. In section seven he refers to New York City and denounces the senseless massacre of a civilization that has destroyed life with its materialism. In section eight, Lorca expresses how there has been a betrayal of Christianity and mixes it with a prophetic vision of human slavery and war. The final two sections simply address the end of his voyage and his bright awakening.Poet in New York is full of emotion, new adventures, and awakening (Rio). Lorca penned works in what was the Modernist era and later in New York, he was slightly influenced by America’s Harlem Renaissance. It can be said that Lorca’s Modernism is somewhat different from other author’s because Lorca never traveled to Paris where many modernist authors congregated. During the 1920s, literature changed drastically after the end of World War One. Lorca rooted much of his poetry in a dreamlike state which was r etained in Poet in New York (Rogow).A loss of innocence was experienced in most poems penned by Lorca during this time and specifically in Poet in New York. Angel de Rio states, â€Å"One should not forget that Poet in New York is above all lyrical poetry of high order—poetry made, perhaps, of a different stuff from that most commonly found in the rest of Lorca’s work† (Rio). Also attesting to this loss of innocence is Virginia Higginbotham who states, â€Å"Poet in New York is the other of Lorca’s major lyric works that does not express his comic spirit† (Higginbotham).Signs of the Harlem Renaissance in his work â€Å"The Negroes,† which is a poem inside Poet in New York. In an essay by Edward Hirsch, the author states, â€Å"Lorca was deeply empathetic with the black life and announced that he ‘wanted to write the poem of the black race in North America’† (Hirsch). Poet in New York remains relevant to Lorca’s era throughout his and his era’s changes. Lorca, even throughout his travels abroad, always returned to his native land for poetical strength, inspiration, and setting. Even though he did not return in person most times, he did return in imagination, memory, and dreams.However, a 1936 return to Granada, the place he loved the most, would ultimately cause his death. Roy Campbell states in an essay about Lorca, â€Å"The cities of Granada, Cordoba, and Sevilla, the three capital cities of Andalusia, always recur in that order in the Poems of Lorca† (Campbell). Occurring most frequently in his works is Grenada, followed by Cordoba and then Sevilla. Granada and Cordoba share a sort of nostalgic, melancholy, and shadowy feel to which Lorca was greatly attracted. The majority of his poems and plays are set in one of the three towns from above.In Impressions and Landscapes, Lorca falls back on memories of an earlier trip through the Andalusian countryside. Lorca also had an obse ssion with death, which is apparent in most of his poems and plays. Talking of Lorca’s early works, Book of Poems and Gypsy Ballads, John Petrakis states, â€Å"These early poems reflected Lorca's inherent love of nature, along with his lifelong obsession with death. For him, gypsies were tragic if romantic figures doomed to die young as a result of their free spirits† (Petrakis).These gypsies is especially ironic since Lorca’s gypsies died young as he did, making it seem as if he paralleled his gypsies with himself. This excerpt from Blood Wedding, called â€Å"Lullaby,† exemplifies his obsession with death in later works. â€Å"Down he went to the river, Oh, down he went down! And his blood was running. Oh, more than the water. † Most of Lorca’s works were not totally morbid throughout the work but almost always ended with the death of the speaker or the subject of the poem or play. Works CitedBourgoin, Suzzanne, and Paula Byers. â€Å"Fe derico Garcia Lorca. †Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed. Vol. 9. Detroit: Gale Research, 2000. Print. Campbell, Roy. Lorca: An Appreciation of His Poetry. World Literature Criticism, Vol. 2. Ed. James Draper. Detroit: Gale Research. 1992. 1346-1349. Print. Higginbotham, Virginia. †The Comic Spirit of Federico Garcia Lorca. † Poetry Criticism, Vol. 3. Ed. Robyn Young. Detroit: Gale Research. 1991. 147-149. Print. Hirsch, Edward. â€Å"Poet in the New World. † Poetry Criticism, Vol. . Ed. Robyn Young. Detroit: Gale Research. 1991. 149-151. Print. Petrakis, John. â€Å"`Garcia Lorca' Almost Ignores The Poet's Work. †Ã‚  Chicago Tribune  [Chicago] 12 September 1997, Entertainment. Print. Rio, Angel de. â€Å"An Introduction to Poet in New York. † Poetry Criticism, Vol. 3. Ed. Robyn Young. Detroit: Gale Research. 1991. 137-144. Print. Rogow, Zack. â€Å"Lorca's Local Modernism. †Ã‚  Poetry Flash. Web. 10 Mar 2012. ;http://poetryfl ash. org/archive/? s=features;p=ROGOW-Lorcas_Local_Modernism;.

Blackberry Eating

The poem â€Å"Blackberry Eating† by Galway Kinnell is a short but effective example of how the use of the elements of poetry can evoke emotional reaction and the corresponding emotional experience in people. The poem starts out with a matter-of-factly account or story telling of a late September trip or errand to pick up â€Å"fat, overripe, icy, black blackberries to ear blackberries for breakfast†. While the first three lines directly expresses, herein, the author still makes use of stressed imagery.The color â€Å"black†, an apparent redundancy, is used to precede â€Å"blackberry† to produce or connote the image of the darkness or deepness of the fruit color, on top of the other qualities of fatness or big size and possible coldness and juicy stage of ripeness. â€Å"The stalks very prickly, a penalty they earn for knowing the black art of blackberry-making;† These next two and a half lines jumps into or introduces the level of figurative langu age. What initially seems a either an implied mystery or a misguided use of the pronoun â€Å"they† in referring to that entity knowledgeable on â€Å"the black art† is in fact metaphorical language.The prickly stalks obviously are not persons who practice the supposedly dark or secret art of blackberry-making. What the â€Å"penalty† element in the metaphor perhaps suggests is that the practitioner of the art earns a disadvantage, or a price to pay, when he or she holds the stalks to pick up the blackberries. These next words prompt the reader to think what the author is trying to tell: â€Å"and as I stand among them lifting the stalks to my mouth, the ripest berries fall almost unbidden to my tongue†¦. â€Å"But the next line provides the unequivocal clue: â€Å"as words sometimes do†¦. â€Å". Herein, it is revealed that the berries are compared to words, implying that blackberry-making is likened to making a craft or something with words. At t his point, the poem becomes clear, as metaphor is clearly replaced with the simile tool of the conjunction â€Å"as†. What makes this apparently simple, down-to-earth poem particularly appealing to read and listen to is the equally effective use of sound devices. A sort of metaphorical onomatopoeia is made use of in the next lines:â€Å"Certain peculiar words like strengths or squinched, many-lettered, one-syllabled lumps, which I squeeze, squinch open, and splurge well in the silent, startled, icy, black language†. As one reads or listens to these words of simile between creating prose and poetry or oration, it is as if one can almost hear the process of chewing and eating blackberries. In Blackberry Eating, rhythm, consonance or the repeated consonant sounds anywhere and alliteration or repeated initial consonants are obviously present, what with the multiple use of black by itself or as prefix: black blackberries, blackberries, blackberry-making.â€Å"S† is a lso alliterated several times with the words strengths, squeeze, splurge, silent, startled and the present and past forms of squinch. â€Å"I love to go out in late September among the fat, overripe, icy, black blackberries to eat blackberries for breakfast, the stalks very prickly, a penalty they earn for knowing the black art of blackberry-making†. As later revealed, the â€Å"tenor† in this part of poem, or what Galway Kinnell means, is the process involved in poetry composition.The author's use of the brambles and bramble fruit plant parts and the act of preparing and eating them suggest the creation or the composition of poetry. The words or lines actually used to that effect, technically called â€Å"vehicle†, constitute the metaphor or analogy. That the subject needs to go out (of his abode) to be able to procure the raw blackberry refers to the what the poet has to do in order to carry out the preliminary phase of composing his poem. As the time period o f â€Å"late September† is repeated at the end of the poem, the significance of this author's choice of the month becomes evident.The line â€Å"of blackberry-eating in late September† makes another use of sound device: the ber is repeated to create a rhythmic finale to the poem. A fusion of the style devices of literal and figurative language and sound devices, Kinnell's Blackberry Eating is an excellent piece of poetic genius. As Kinnell brings to the reader the pleasure, along with the efforts, of preparing and eating blackberries, the poem communicates how literature is akin to it. The total product is poetically narrative, metaphorically educational and a pleasure to read and hear.

Two topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two topic - Research Paper Example Various professionals have delved into the major elements that paved the way for diverse organizations to excel among the rest. According to Greenberg (2006), diversity is defined as â€Å"the variety of differences between people in an organization†¦Diversity encompasses race, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, cognitive style, tenure, organizational function, education, background and more† (par. 1). In a related literature, Esty, Griffin & Schorr-Hirsh (1995) cited Green, Lopez, Wysocki & Kepner (2009) as providing an appropriate definition of the term by indicating that diversity is â€Å"acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to age, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status† (Esty, et al., 1995, par. 4). The definitions emphasize the encouragement and acceptance of people from an array of backgrounds dee med to provide instrumental benefits for the intricate needs of organizations. As averred by DiTomaso (1999), several factors contribute to diversity in the workplace, to wit: â€Å"(a) the changing demographic structure of the U.S., (b) the increased importance of globalization to profits and long-term survival in many companies, and (c) changes in the structure of how work gets done† (DiTomaso, 1999, p. 1). Due to the variety of influencing elements that interplay, organizational leaders recognize the need to manage diversity to ensure that it works towards the achievement of organizational goals. Managing a diverse workforce should encompass effectively integrating managerial functions in terms of planning, organizing, directing and controlling diversity in the organizational setting. B. Examples of Current Applications Contemporary successful organizations have attested the incorporation of diversity in their organizational policies. From among the most prominent and acti ve in its implementation and application of diversity is Walmart. The official website of Walmart boasts of methods that â€Å"implement initiatives to attract and retain a diverse workforce, including recruiting from colleges and universities with large multicultural populations. We also provide associates with on-the-job training, leadership seminars, and direct access to job opportunities through our Career Preference System† (Walmart: Diversity, par. 2). The personnel profile of Walmart reveals that â€Å"more than 850,000 of our associates are female and make up 59 percent of our U.S. workforce. 35 percent of our associates are minority: 249,000 African Americans, 171,000 Hispanics, 42,000 Asian Americans, 6,000 Pacific Islander Americans, 15,000 American Indian and Alaska Natives, and 430,000 associates 50 and over† (Walmart: Diversity Report, 2009). Another corporation that actively applies diversity in their organization is HSBC that â€Å"invites, embraces an d manages difference in the changing workforce to gain the best from its people and to provide the best service to its customers. It encourages the breaking down of barriers of the past to look at things in a new way, to find effective business and customer solutions. In such organizations diversity is regarded as a competitive differentiator, in both employment and customer

Any engineering ethical issue. i prefer Bp oil spill if possible Essay

Any engineering ethical issue. i prefer Bp oil spill if possible - Essay Example By October 2010, it had reached the West Bay in Texas and started to have underwater oil plumes as well (Gillis 2010). The ethical efforts used to prevent offshore oil spill included in remotely operating underwater vehicles so that a closure could be found for the blowout preventer valves with regards to the well head (Whitney 2010). It was on 20th September that BP was effectively able to bring an end to the oil spill carnage after it had erupted on 20th April due to an explosion. The strategies used to contain the oil spill comprised of holding it back on the surface so that minimum damage was done (Borenstein 2010). The endeavors of BP after this explosion included in the fact that it did everything in its might to take care of the problems as it maintained daily response efforts on its website. This spill is indeed one of the worst environmental disasters of the time and more specifically which US has faced. The ethical role of BP is something that one should delve into deeply a s it shook the world like nothing else in the past. Works Cited Borenstein, Seth. "Major study charts long-lasting oil plume in Gulf". Associated Press, 2010 Gillis, Justin. "Gulf Surface Oil Vanishing Quickly". The New York Times, 2010 Kerr, Richard. "A Lot of Oil on the Loose, Not So Much to Be Found". Science 329: 734, 2010 Whitney, Michael. Two Workers Dead in BP Oil Disaster Recovery Effort, 2010

Counterfeiting and Pricing in China and UK Dissertation

Counterfeiting and Pricing in China and UK - Dissertation Example 2.5 Consumer Behavior: 12 2.5.1 Psychological Influences: 12 2.5.2 Personality: 13 2.5.3 The important of uniqueness in genuine market: 13 2.5.4 Gender and Self-image: 14 2.5.5 Attitudes towards fake and genuine products: 14 2.6 Conceptual Framework: 15 2.7 Conclusion: 15 Chapter-3: Research Methodology 16 3.1 Introduction: 16 3.2 Research Value: 16 3.3 Research Methods: 16 3.4 Sampling Methods: 17 3.5 Ethics: 17 3.6 Analysis – limitations: 17 Chapter 4- Findings: 18 4.1 Introduction: 18 4.2 Findings: Primary Research 18 Research Question 1 18 Research Question 2 19 Research Question 3 21 Chapter 5- Discussion and Conclusions: 23 5.1 Introduction: 23 5.2 Overall Summary: 23 5.2.1 Conceptual Framework: 24 5.3 Recommendations for Future Work 24 5.5 Recommendations for Luxury Brands/Shops: 25 List of References 26 Appendix: Survey Questionnaire 29 Chapter 1- Introduction: 1.1 Chapter Summary: This chapter gives introduction of the research conducted for counterfeit products in Ch ina and UK. Background of this research is given in this chapter including the research questions that will be discussed in this research. Research aim and presentation is also given in this chapter for the better understanding of the research. 1.2 Background: The form of consumer fraud is product counterfeiting in which product is sold claiming to be a product that it is not. This is different from violation of copyright as it is based on organized group of activity so that maximum profit is achieved (UNODC 2010). The lack of regulatory capacity makes manufacturing of unauthorized products possible and products that are high in demand made on similar design and branded in a way that make them distinguished from original product. The counterfeit products sell in the parallel markets or... This essay discusses that the form of consumer fraud is product counterfeiting in which product is sold claiming to be a product that it is not. This is different from violation of copyright as it is based on organized group of activity so that maximum profit is achieved. The lack of regulatory capacity makes manufacturing of unauthorized products possible and products that are high in demand made on similar design and branded in a way that make them distinguished from original product. The counterfeit products sell in the parallel markets or introduced in authorized supply chain. These products make extreme profits because of no overheads of licit products and this is the reason that these products are very price competitive. Because of this competitive edge, counterfeit products are common than original products in some part of the world. Counterfeit products in UK causing lower profits, lost sales, and brand trust affect legitimate businesses. The government of UK is also affected because it sees lower tax revenues and high spending on health services, welfare, and prevention of crime. The companies in UK are cutting jobs and reducing their investment leading lower economic growth due to counterfeiting. This study is conducted to determine factors affecting buying behavior of consumer when buying counterfeit products and luxury brands. The study also examines the effect of counterfeiting and piracy on the people living in UK.

Mental Effects Of Vietnam War On Soldiers Research Paper

Mental Effects Of Vietnam War On Soldiers - Research Paper Example Following the end of the war the Americans lost 58000 lives and almost 350,000 were seriously injured. After the end of the war when the Americans returned home majority of them did not either want to talk about the war or they were so much frightened by the devastations of the war that they remained stunned and silent. The only war which the United States lost was this. An essence of moral degeneration also played very strong in the minds of the Americans. The dangerous guerilla warfare was adopted by the Vietnamese and the U.S. succumbed under their tactics of warfare ending up being confused and losing their lives or being tremendously injured. Continuous war fought by them and barrage of continuous gun firing and ‘shell shock’ jeopardized the mental state of the U.S. soldiers as they were traumatized. They were seriously affected by mental disorders like depression, hallucinations suicidal tendencies, conflict in marriage relations etc. Mental shock among the soldier s also came from the pessimistic behavior of the country. They were treated as second class citizens and were cursed and sometimes recognized as ‘baby killers’. Discriminations were faced by them in unemployment scenario also. They were devoid of grants and pensions and proper healthcare. So the paper focuses on the description of the mental disorders faced by the Vietnam veterans like shell shock, combat exposure and mental disorders occurring from spraying herbicides like Agent Orange, effects on family satisfaction and functioning, treatment of the soldiers from the country and in the VA hospitals (Sitikoff). Research focus The research question addressed in this paper is what are the effects of Vietnam War on the mental state of the soldiers and what are its implications? The topic has been selected in order to examine the factors which led to the psychological disorders among the Vietnam War veterans. The justification behind the selection of this topic is to analy ze the kinds of mental constraints faced by these soldiers and also the reason why these brave heroes succumbed to mental disorders despite being a part of this prolonged warfare. Literature review The states of mental disorders prevalent among the soldiers are invasive memories, major depression, night mares and loss of concentration (Cromie). A reevaluated study of National Vietnam Veterans Readjustments Study (NVVRS) states that war related PTSD which was developed among the men during their lifetime was 18.7%. A study by the Centers for Disease Control found that Vietnam veterans suffering from psychological problems were approximately twice as compared to the military veterans of the other countries like Vietnam and Australia (Aneli and Hendrix, 87). Research Methods A study about the different types of mental challenges faced by the soldiers has been described in this paper. Firstly a backdrop of the war and an account of overall psychological torment and deprivations of the V ietnam War veterans is provided and then in a synchronized manner the paper concentrates on seeking answer to the research question. For analyzing the different aspects of the mental disorders faced by the Vietnam Veterans qualitative analysis have been adopted from secondary sources like journals and authentic books. The focus of the study is on issues like ‘Shell Shock’ (Wood), mental problems suffered from spraying toxic herbicides like Agent Orange for clearing the forests (Singer and Hodge). A major focus has been entailed on the comparative analysis between the Vietnamese soldiers and the American soldiers who fought the Vietnam War in order to

Analyse a case of The Prosecutor v. Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein Essay

Analyse a case of The Prosecutor v. Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein - Essay Example Also attributed against him are the war crimes of murder, attacks against a civilian population, destruction of property, rape, pillaging, and outrage upon personal dignity, all punishable under the same statute. The warrant was issued based on the belief that Hussein was a key person in the counter-insurgency plan that involved attacks against civilians to end the conflict in Darfur between the armed groups SLM/A or the Sudanese Liberation Movement/Army and JEM or Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) against the government of Sudan and the militia Janjaweed. These unlawful attacks were executed â€Å"by the Sudanese armed forces and/or the Militia/Janjaweed† to target the people belonging to Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups who were known as rebel supporters (International Criminal Court, 2014). The issue on the war in Darfur is an ongoing problem that many have called genocide. Thousands have died before the rest of the world became aware of what was happening in that region of Sudan. The International Justice Project (IJP) writes that it was in March of 2005 when the United Nations Security Council released a resolution that referred the matter to the ICC. It was also after this time when the people behind the attacks were brought to the attention of the Chambers of the court. Hussein, accused as one of the primary perpetrators in thinking up of the common plan which gave financial and military support to a non-government group through Janjaweed other than the government forces who are to carry out the violent plans against rebel forces even if the same would cause many civilian casualties (International Justice Project, 2012). The Janjaweed, who are primarily Arabs, carried out the execution of their counterparts especially of non-Arab backgrounds. The group has been acc used of ethnic cleansing by consciously killing the

Homework Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework - Speech or Presentation Example The accountant counted everything that was in the warehouse as of February 28, which resulted in an ending inventory valuation of $48,000. However, she didn’t know how to treat the following transactions so she didn’t record them. f. On February 28, Heath packaged goods and had them ready for shipping to a customer FOB destination. The invoice price was $350; the cost of the items was $250.The receiving report indicates that the goods were received by the customer on March 2. For each of the above transactions, specify whether the item in question should be included in ending inventory, and if so, at what amount. If the item should not be included in ending inventory, put 0 for the amount. Glanville Distribution markets CDs of the performing artist Harrilyn Clooney. At the beginning of March, Glanville had in beginning inventory 1,500 Clooney CDs with a unit cost of $7. During March Glanville made the following purchases of Clooney CDs. Determine (1) the ending inventory and (2) the cost of goods sold under each of the assumed cost flow methods (FIFO, LIFO, and average-cost). Prove the accuracy of the cost of goods sold under the FIFO and LIFO methods. (Round answers to 0 decimal places.) (a) Calculate (i) ending inventory, (ii) cost of goods sold, (iii) gross profit, and (iv) gross profit rate under each of the following methods. (Round weighted-average cost per unit to 3 decimal places and use the rounded amount for future computations. Round gross profit rate to 1 decimal place and all other answers to 0 decimal

Marketing Campaign of Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Campaign of Nike - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that the substandard endeavors of International Olympic Committee (IOC) demanded to ensure that their chosen sponsors receive hefty spotlight during London Olympics games. The associated athletes were restricted for two weeks from showing their appearance for any unofficial sponsors. Unofficial sponsors were not allowed to gain benefits from Olympic themed messages. For a large number of ads, the plan of IOC worked. However, some creative companies and athletes found their way around the system. Nike was one such company that came up with a smart approach. Instead of investing millions of dollar for obtaining official sponsorship, it found a distinct way to celebrate Olympics at London. The company launched a new marketing campaign, titled as â€Å"Find Your Greatness.† This ad campaign featured everyday athletes from around the world. The concept is cleverer in terms of breaking through the advertising blackout of IOC. Only a select few will b e able to find their spot in London Olympics but it does not mean that greatness has been lost from rest of us common people. The level of greatness might not be equal to that of these athletes but most importantly, it exists. The rationale of the campaign is explained by Nike; â€Å"It is not just the championship athlete or record breaker that aspires to push their limits. It is also the everyday athlete, who strives to excel on their own terms, to set and realize personal goals and achieve their own defining moment of greatness. That’s the insight behind Nike’s ‘Find Your Greatness’ campaign, a powerful message to inspire anyone who wants to achieve their own moment of greatness in sport, launched just as the world focuses on the best of the best† (Media News Line, 2012). Evaluation of Campaign The marketing campaign of Nike will be evaluated in two ways. First, a famous marketing model of DAGMAR will be applied in order to determine the steps as mentioned in the framework and as applied by Nike. Second, the evaluation of this campaign will be conducted to determine how potent the campaign has remained in order persuade the audience, which in essence, is the core purpose of marketing campaign. Application of DAGMAR Framework The framework of DAGMAR is useful in order to build awareness of the brand among current and potential customers. The purpose of this model is to alter the buying behavior of customers. DAGMAR is a contraction for â€Å"Defining, Advertising, Goals for Measured Advertising Results.† Ideally, when this model is applied, the target audience moves easily through all the stages of this framework. These stages are based on the common decision-making and cognitive pattern of people when they decide whether to purchase something or not. This model is based on five key stages. These key stages are followed either in a single advert or in a series of advertising

International courts Essay Example for Free

International courts Essay Disputes are part of human existence. It is a normal occurrence. The earliest records one can find regarding quarrels between neighbors and the resolution of the same via third party intervention can be found in the Bible. Moses the old patriarch acted as an arbiter when two people could not resolve their issues. As civilizations developed, when Moses’ people were able to build more complex governments – the courts and the tribunals were also improved upon. In the modern times the system of settling disputes evolved into an art form. In America one has a very complicated way of resolving issues between two parties. It is already a great improvement from those used in the ancient world. Instead of a sole judge or king deciding over a case there is now a jury, a group of people who will work collectively as a whole and judge the matter so to speak. Now, all the previous discussion are all about settling disputes between two individuals or a group of people against a person and vice versa. This is also about a third party stepping in between two groups who could not settle their differences out of court. Finally, all the above are about the problems of individuals or groups of individuals that were addressed as citizens or as organizations within the bound of a political system or a geo-political nation. What if the disputes happened not between citizens within a country but a disagreement between two nations? Who will come in as a third party that will be reputable for each nation? This paper investigates the role of International Courts and the role it has to play in the ever increasing problem of global conflict. History According to Boris Kolba, international law and international courts is an old idea. He added that 17th century Dutch statesman Hugo Grotius, considered to be the â€Å"Father of International Law† argued, â€Å"†¦that all nations should follow one set of rules† (Kolba, p. 10). Those who were convinced on the practicality of Grotius’ ideas finally made decisive actions beginning in 1864 and Kolba wrote: In 1864, a group of nations met at Geneva, Switzerland, at the urging of Henri Dunant, one of the founders of the International Red Cross [†¦] It produced a set of rules for nations at war called the Geneva Convention [†¦] Only twelve nations signed the convention at first. Then in 1899 and 1907, delegates met at The Hague in the Netherlands [†¦] These conferences produced more rules, moving beyond war to cover how nations cold stay at peace. (p. 10) The United Nations. At the end of the Second World War, it was apparent that nations of the world must unite in dealing with international disputes so that it will not again result in a costly and devastating war. The first thing that was established was the United Nations and what followed suit is a more formal system of dealing with international problems. According to Mohamed Amr, to be a member of the UN automatically makes one a member of the International Court of Justice or ICJ. Referring to the Charter that established the UN, Sameh remarked that, â€Å"Article 92 of the Charter [†¦] reflects the constitutional position of the Court within the UN. It provides that the ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN [†¦] member states of the UN are ipso facto parties to the Court’s Statute† (p. 24). Simply put, if a country wants to enjoy the benefits and privileges as a UN member then that nation must also adhere to a basic condition as a member state and that is to honor the International Court of Justice. G. A. Knoops agrees with Amr and he said that the UN would establish international criminal tribunals as subsidiary judicial organs to fulfill its role as a guardian for international peace. Knoops added that: Clear examples of these enforcement measures are the establishment of international tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda [†¦] These tribunals have primacy over national courts (primary jurisdiction) concerning individuals suspected of perpetrating international crimes. The Security Council can compel UN member states to cooperate with the tribunals through use of its Chapter VII powers. (p. 7) Comparison Knoops made an interesting argument about the primacy of the UN’s International Court of Justice over that of national courts. It is therefore necessary in the study of International Courts to make a comparison to that of Civil Courts. Kolba provided the information as seen in the following: A Civil Court †¢ helps people settle their differences without fighting †¢ offers rules for people with disputes to follow †¢ takes time, giving people a chance to settle their arguments †¢ makes a decision that most people respect †¢ strengthens the rule of law The International Court of Justice †¢ helps nations settle their differences without going to war †¢ offers rules for nations with arguments to follow. †¢ takes time giving nations a chance to resolve their own disputes †¢ makes a decision that much of the world respects †¢ strengthens international law There is actually not much difference on how both systems work. The only difference is in terms of scale and instead of individuals what is being dealt here are relations between two countries. Moreover, if the disputes between two people could not be resolved amicably then the worst possible scenario could be personal vendetta that would probably result to violence. In case of disputes between two nations the catastrophic result could probably be a full-scale war. Kolba gave this riveting account on how an international incident can easily escalate into national disputes that could in turn lead to war. He wrote that in 1946, year after World War II, sea lanes were still unsafe for travel due to the numerous mines laid there by armies of the recently concluded global war: That year, four of Great Britain’s warship were sailing in the Corfu Channel off the coast of Albania [†¦] The warships struck at least one mine. The explosion badly damaged a ship, killing forty-five sailors and officers. Great Britain claimed Albania must have known the mines were there (and) blamed Albania for the damage and deaths. The unfriendly Albanian government said it was not responsible. (p . 4). The situation was tense. And the presence of British warships in the area added more tension to an already volatile atmosphere. Great Britain could have launched an attack, punishing Albania. Kolba however pointed out that in this case the rationale mind prevailed as the two nations saw the futility of war, â€Å"†¦the nations did not go to war. Instead, they went to court. Their dispute became the first case to be resolved by the International Court of Justice, the world’s most important international court† (p. 5).

Hospital Expansion Analysis

Hospital Expansion Analysis Case Study 1: The Case for Open Heart Surgery at Cabarrus Memorial Hospital- Chemplavil Brief Introduction: Cabarrus Memorial Hospital (CMH) is a large, public hospital located in North Carolina, that prides itself in cultivating a never wavering commitment to its community. Having first opened in 1935, over time CMH has found powerful allies in both Mr. Cannon, owner of Cannon Mills with considerable political and financial influence, and Duke University Medical Center, with who they have formed an educational affiliation and unique teaching arrangement. Due to the boards failure to foresee several front-hand issues, CMH finds itself at a crossroad of sorts. Currently CMH does not have their own open heart surgery program, compelling patients to seek open heart surgery or coronary angioplasties elsewhere. Concerned with the tremendous burden placed on the members of their community and their families to travel to such far lengths to receive adequate care, the board of trustees is considering adding a program of this caliber to their repertoire of cardiac services.    A SWOT analysis and service area structural analysis (Porter) was performed to determine if CMH should apply for a certificate of need (CON) to open a new cardiovascular service program moving forward. Discussion of Key Issues: The potential implementation of a full-service cardiac surgery program in CMH required careful consideration of its existing service area, opposition from competition, need for cardiovascular surgeries, the role of Duke in the proposal, relevant costs, and the likeliness of acquiring approval from North Carolinas DHHS for the CON. Evaluation of CMHs current service area was primarily based upon zip code analysis of current cardiac catheterization and radiation oncology patients, pinpointing Concord and Kannapolis as major sources of patient coverage. With Mr. Cannons help, extensive market development strategies should promote their newly enhanced cardiovascular care and help CMH expand their territory to include farther communities like Rowan County and Stanley County, shaking off bordering service area competition like University, Stanly, and Memorial Hospitals. Study of the population epidemiology points to an inevitably growing need for expanded cardiovascular services, namely open heart surgeries and angioplasties. Projections indicated the at-risk population growth over the next ten years will grow by 31.2% in Cabarrus county, location of CMH. The growing rate of the target, at-risk service area population (45-64) will likely lead to higher rates of open heart procedures (1.39 in North Carolina currently). Proposed costs of the program would total at $2.87 million for year one, $3.81 million for year two and $6.24 million for year three. However, it is known that CMH has sufficient reserve cash to finance the whole project without even acquiring a loan! Based on these projections alone, CMH will reach their break-even point rather quickly, likely sometime after year three, making the addition of a cardiac unit a profitable endeavor. The existing open heart surgery programs in Charlotte, Winston-Salem, and Greensboro are 25 to 60 miles from the service population. This incredulous distance has created confusion and an immense burden for many patients who seek continuity of care as travel times may take up to two hours. It may be wise to consider swiftly bring on home town hero, Dr.   Christy, as part of the new cardiovascular surgery medical staff to embolden the communitys support of CMH and put its patients at ease. Duke can continue its educational affiliation with CMH, and cases needing specialized care would still be referred to Duke. The DHHS of North Carolina awards the CON to centers that achieve an 80% utilization rate for the cardiac surgery suite. Unfortunately, open heart cases from Cabarrus County and Rowan County currently however around only around 73% utilization. CMH will need to make use of adaptive strategies such as the expansion of scope planning that would include market development, product development and market penetration strategies to substantially increase their current volume to hit that threshold. Situational Analysis: SWOT analysis provided detailed findings of the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, in addition to the opportunities and threats of the external environment, regarding the current cardiac care CMH provides (Ginter, Peter). Exhibit I: SWOT Analysis Recommendation: CMHs status as a modern, well equipped facility implies that it has the necessary infrastructure to build a cardiac unit, pending a few structural additions. CMHs renovation project would total $3,273,180, and no loans will be needed due to its sufficient reserve fund. Pending a two-year trial run, CMH should track the added comprehensive care that would result from the opening of one heart surgical suite for adult patients, while moving angioplasty to the current cardiac catheterization laboratory. The proposed duration of this project would likely take 3 years and would require the assignment of three dedicated cardiac surgical ICU beds as well as seven telemetry beds to support the open heart program with an almost overwhelming 400 proposed procedures per year from the onset of the program. Benchmarks for Success and Contingency Plans: Implementation of this new program will complicated, but justified. The board should create and follow an action and strategic plan to oversee the creation of this new surgery program. Timelines, benchmarks, and a balanced scorecard will be used to monitor the progress of the plan, and to ensure the standards are being met (Bloomquist P, Yeager). Written reports, like a GANTT chart, which may plot the incurred heart operations against time, can also be used to monitor planning, costs, effectiveness, and resources used by the program (Cellucci L, 2009). Taking corrective action will be dependent on evaluation criteria that will be created by the board and redirection will take place if necessary. If added comprehensive care progress is not being met according to the action and strategic plans, program strategies will be outsourced to an outside consultant. If Dr. Christy is not satisfied with CMHs offer and relocates elsewhere, CMH may be pressed to ask the two surgeons from Duke Medical Center to act as interim on-call heart surgeons or even come on full time to continue the program. If the programs restraining forces continue to outweigh its driving forces, and fails to provide the proposed benefits, termination of the program may be likely. References: Bloomquist P, Yeager J. Using Balanced Scorecards to Align Organizational Strategies. Healthcare Executive; Jan/Feb 2008. pp.24-28. Cellucci, L. W., Wiggins, C. (2010). Essential Techniques for Healthcare Managers. Health Administration Press: Chicago. Ginter, Peter M. Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass, 2015. Print.

Brazil´s Dictatorship and Military Regimes Essay -- military regimes,

In our class we learned a lot about the various military regimes that occurred throughout Latin America. However out of all the ones we discussed, Brazil’s dictatorship was never mentioned. I decided to write about it, but at the same time also compare it to the other military regimes in Latin America. Unlike most of the other governments, Brazil’s military one was not as brutal. It in no way measured up to the brutality of the Argentinian dictatorship or the ruthlessness of the dictatorship in Bolivia. However it was not an easy time either. Many Brazilians were exiled and many lost their lives because of this oppressive government. To start it all off, the regime did not just occur from one day to the next. There were years of build up to the eventual bust up. Janio Quadros was elected as president in 1960 after Juscelino Kubitschek was in charge; he based his entire campaign on criticizing Juscelino and to outright corruption in his government. Taking his idea to a new level, Janio made his symbol a broom because he intended to clean the government up. Janio was only president for two years but during his tenure he increased Brazil’s relations with communist countries which did not make his opposition comfortable (Evanson). In 1961 he resigned as president and his vice president, Joao Goulart, was to be made into president. However when this happened Joao was in China and some of the heads of the military tried to prevent him from becoming president because they thought he was a communist and they did not want a communist head of state (Breneman). On August 29, Congress voted against a motion to stop Joao Goulart from becoming president. This motion was brought to Congress by the heads of the three branches of the milit... ...w.fgv.br/CPDOC/BUSCA/Busca/BuscaConsultar.aspx>. "JOAO BELCHIOR MARQUES GOULART." Centro De Pesquisa E Documentaà §Ãƒ £o De Histà ³ria Contemporà ¢nea Do Brasil. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Rosenberg, Tina. Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America. New York: Penguin, 1992. Print. "Superior Electoral Court - Brazil." Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. . "TANCREDO DE ALMEIDA NEVES." Centro De Pesquisa E Documentaà §Ãƒ £o De Histà ³ria Contemporà ¢nea Do Brasil. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. . "A TORTURA NO REGIME MILITAR  « MANIFESTO JEOCAZ LEE-MEDDI." MANIFESTO JEOCAZ LEE-MEDDI. 13 Feb. 2010. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. . Brazil ´s Dictatorship and Military Regimes Essay -- military regimes, In our class we learned a lot about the various military regimes that occurred throughout Latin America. However out of all the ones we discussed, Brazil’s dictatorship was never mentioned. I decided to write about it, but at the same time also compare it to the other military regimes in Latin America. Unlike most of the other governments, Brazil’s military one was not as brutal. It in no way measured up to the brutality of the Argentinian dictatorship or the ruthlessness of the dictatorship in Bolivia. However it was not an easy time either. Many Brazilians were exiled and many lost their lives because of this oppressive government. To start it all off, the regime did not just occur from one day to the next. There were years of build up to the eventual bust up. Janio Quadros was elected as president in 1960 after Juscelino Kubitschek was in charge; he based his entire campaign on criticizing Juscelino and to outright corruption in his government. Taking his idea to a new level, Janio made his symbol a broom because he intended to clean the government up. Janio was only president for two years but during his tenure he increased Brazil’s relations with communist countries which did not make his opposition comfortable (Evanson). In 1961 he resigned as president and his vice president, Joao Goulart, was to be made into president. However when this happened Joao was in China and some of the heads of the military tried to prevent him from becoming president because they thought he was a communist and they did not want a communist head of state (Breneman). On August 29, Congress voted against a motion to stop Joao Goulart from becoming president. This motion was brought to Congress by the heads of the three branches of the milit... ...w.fgv.br/CPDOC/BUSCA/Busca/BuscaConsultar.aspx>. "JOAO BELCHIOR MARQUES GOULART." Centro De Pesquisa E Documentaà §Ãƒ £o De Histà ³ria Contemporà ¢nea Do Brasil. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Rosenberg, Tina. Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America. New York: Penguin, 1992. Print. "Superior Electoral Court - Brazil." Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. . "TANCREDO DE ALMEIDA NEVES." Centro De Pesquisa E Documentaà §Ãƒ £o De Histà ³ria Contemporà ¢nea Do Brasil. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. . "A TORTURA NO REGIME MILITAR  « MANIFESTO JEOCAZ LEE-MEDDI." MANIFESTO JEOCAZ LEE-MEDDI. 13 Feb. 2010. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. .

Hucks Identity :: essays research papers

3/08/01 Huck's Identity That The danger of not knowing who you are, this could lead to disastrous effects in your future life. Throughout the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the main character Huck is having adventures and trying to find out who he is. Through each step of the book, Huck tries to disguise himself as somebody else to see if maybe he's the character that he is playing. Finally at the end of the book he realizes he is the person who started out in the beginning of the book but with maturity and self identity. This whole book is about a character named Huckleberry Finn trying to find himself in the world, this should be more closely examined, why does he want to be someone else.?, and what do his adventures teach him. Life, change, identity, they are all a big part of this book as well as life in general. Huck is a person who the author Mark Twain tries to portray as lost in himself as well as in society. Huck throughout the book is looking for an identity that he believes he will find on his journey down the Mississippi river. "I'd go down the river fifty mile and camp in one place for good, and not have such a rough time tramping on foot."(pg31) Why does he want to get away from his life? I think Huck's character is very independent and he has his own thoughts on where he wants to end up in life. In his old life everybody was always telling him what to do where to go how to eat and he was getting sick of it. On page 4 he says "All I wanted was to go somewheres; all I wanted was change , I warn't particular." He was looking to get out of his old life and into the life that he thought was right for him. Where there was no boundaries or limits, he wanted to be free from the shackles of Christian home life. What did his adventures on the river teach him about his own personality and character? They taught him what he already knew in the beginning of the book that he is himself. If he tries to hard be somebody else he is never going to achieve that self-fulfillment that he so desires in the beginning of the book. I also believe that his companionship with the black slave Jim helped to shape his character as a human being.

The Poets Soul as Described in Emersons The Poet :: Emerson Poet Essays

The Poet's Soul as Described in Emerson's The Poet Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay, entitled " The Poet", takes the reader into a new awareness concerning an artistic writer. This essay created new insight about a writer's handicraft. Emerson shows us how a poet uses his gift to connect a non-artist of words to feelings that he is unable to express. A poet uses his God-given ingredient, the soul, to describe the things that engulf our lives. We, that do not have this talent, are given this connection by the writings in "The Poet". Emerson resigned his position as a minister to concentrate his life work as a writer. His education and upbringing was rich in matters relating to theology. He describes the poet in terms of religion. He points out the theological term called Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) and then equates a poet to this using triple increments. Emerson calls the poet the Knower, the Doer and the Sayer. A poet's soul knows what is going on around us. He expresses himself by picking up a pen and saying what's going on. Most people know what senses they are experiencing in their world We are unable to write and/or say in words these experiences. The poet has this unexplainable talent or gift to share with the world. Emerson describes the poet as having scientific knowledge. He takes language and creates the words to enlighten us about our surroundings. He uses his God-given imagination to create thoughts in the reader's mind that were not present there before. These thoughts activate ideas in a non-poetic person. The reader then produces questions and inventions in areas that he shows expertise. Emerson shows the reader how a person without this knowledge of writing is omitted from expressing the beauty of nature. He tells us that the poet has the incredible ability to create images by his words to illustrate the things that we observe. Emerson believes that the poet uses his words to represent beauty (1648). The world is beautiful and it is the poet's job to paint his view of this in his words. "... but it is from the beginning beautiful; and God has not made some beautiful things, but beauty is the creator of the universe..." (1648).

System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods

This company has established a new accounting information system to assist in all three stores. As part of this system, this firm recommends utilizing audit productivity software to enhance the system already recommended by this firm. Using audit productivity software will decrease the time necessary to audit the accounts as this will now be computerized. This will also increase profitability by decreasing money and time spent in the audit process and Kudler will be able to make alterations to the process more quickly than if audits were handled manually.Another recommendation by this firm would be the installation of continuous audit software that would continually monitor the data being input into the system. This would increase the effectiveness of auditing the stores. With the continuous audit software, Kudler would be able to follow-up on any abnormalities earlier as this software runs automatically. This would assist Kudler in handling any fraud issues that might arise as well. System Integrity and ValidationKudler Fine Foods hired this corporation to establish a new electronic data system to handle the accounting and inventory needs of the company. As part of the proposal, this company will recommend ways to audit the information that the system creates. Once the data has been input into the system, audit procedures can take place to ensure the information is correct and that the company is performing well. This company will help Kudler establish audit processes for each area of the business.As Kudler moves forward with the new automated accounting software as recommended earlier, it is important that an auditing process be established also. Since the accounting process has been converted to an accounting information system, computerized audit productivity software needs to be established as well. This will increase the productivity and profitability of Kudler because the data used by either internal auditors or external auditors can be more quickly obta ined and analyzed than doing the process manually. Kudler will need to determine which software works best for the needs of the company.Electronic work papers have many features to evaluate which include the importing of data, the analysis of that data, being able to export this data to excel or other formats, and automatically generating the working papers at the conclusion of the audit. All the recommendations for Kudler Foods are to make the company more profitable and automated. Computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) â€Å"assist auditors in obtaining sufficient, reliable, relevant, and useful evidence to support predefined audit objectives† (Hunton, p.184). It is important that Kudler audit the accounts even though the company is not a publically held company. As outlined previously, this company recommends different auditing techniques depending on the area being audited, but highly recommends the findings and recommendations audit to ensure that the new system i s operating appropriately and the information is accurate. There are 10 key steps in the CAATs system that range from planning and implementation to documenting in the work papers.With each audit, it is critical that the auditor know what information is being looked for so when the data is accumulated, the auditor will understand the data and know if it is accurate. The auditor will work closely with the accounting personnel at Kudler to determine the objective of the audit. Based on the objective, the correct auditing format will be chosen. The ISACA Standards Board has issued guidelines governing the use of CAATs and provides guidance to the auditors. There are two categories of techniques that CAATs is used for.The first is to validate the application integrity, â€Å"the objective being to determine whether the source code has been compromised, either intentionally or unintentionally† (Hunton, p. 188). Tests might be run with a parallel simulation to determine if the soft ware is working properly. In this situation, the auditor will create a test set of data and run the auditing techniques against that data. If the system creates the expected set of data, then the system is working as it should. The second category is to verify the data integrity.This technique centers around data extraction and analysis to ensure the data is imported and exported correctly. With using an automated system, Kudler auditors can pull all the information and test for accuracy or abnormalities instead of only being able to pull a sample of the data. These two techniques help to validate the testing that will occur against the real data being reviewed for Kudler Foods. The CAATs is also used to detect any type of fraud that is occurring within the company.By using an automated accounting system along with the automated auditing system, Kudler has the ability to review 100% of the data and locate duplicates and gaps in the data. By using an automated system, Kudler can not only validate the integrity of the application and data, but also determine what could possibly be missing. A continuous audit technique might be one choice to consider for Kudler as it might work well for detecting fraud. A continue audit would be a program that is imbedded within the software that will look for things outside the norm. This would enable Kudler to find erroneous information faster.According to investopidia (2013), a continuous audit is â€Å"an auditing process that examines accounting practices continuously throughout the year. Continuous audits are usually technology-driven and designed to automate error checking and data verification in real time. A continuous audit driven system generates alarm triggers that provide advance notice about anomalies and errors detected by the system. † By using the continuous audit, this could be a time saver not only in auditing but in detecting the issues within the system and correcting them more quickly. System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods Summary of RecommendationsThis company has established a new accounting information system to assist in all three stores. As part of this system, this firm recommends utilizing audit productivity software to enhance the system already recommended by this firm. Using audit productivity software will decrease the time necessary to audit the accounts as this will now be computerized. This will also increase profitability by decreasing money and time spent in the audit process and Kudler will be able to make alterations to the process more quickly than if audits were handled manually.Another recommendation by this firm would be the installation of continuous audit software that would continually monitor the data being input into the system. This would increase the effectiveness of auditing the stores. With the continuous audit software, Kudler would be able to follow-up on any abnormalities earlier as this software runs automatically. This would assist Kudler in handling any fraud issues that might arise as well. System Integrity and ValidationKudler Fine Foods hired this corporation to establish a new electronic data system to handle the accounting and inventory needs of the company. As part of the proposal, this company will recommend ways to audit the information that the system creates. Once the data has been input into the system, audit procedures can take place to ensure the information is correct and that the company is performing well. This company will help Kudler establish audit processes for each area of the business.As Kudler moves forward with the new automated accounting software as recommended earlier, it is important that an auditing process be established also. Since the accounting process has been converted to an accounting information system, computerized audit productivity software needs to be established as well. This will increase the productivity and profitability of Kudler because the data used by either internal auditors or external auditor s can be more quickly obtained and analyzed than doing the process manually. Kudler will need to determine which software works best for the needs of the company.Electronic work papers have many features to evaluate which include the importing of data, the analysis of that data, being able to export this data to excel or other formats, and automatically generating the working papers at the conclusion of the audit. All the recommendations for Kudler Foods are to make the company more profitable and automated. Computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) â€Å"assist auditors in obtaining sufficient, reliable, relevant, and useful evidence to support predefined audit objectives† (Hunton, p.184). It is important that Kudler audit the accounts even though the company is not a publically held company. As outlined previously, this company recommends different auditing techniques depending on the area being audited, but highly recommends the findings and recommendations audit to en sure that the new system is operating appropriately and the information is accurate. There are 10 key steps in the CAATs system that range from planning and implementation to documenting in the work papers.With each audit, it is critical that the auditor know what information is being looked for so when the data is accumulated, the auditor will understand the data and know if it is accurate. The auditor will work closely with the accounting personnel at Kudler to determine the objective of the audit. Based on the objective, the correct auditing format will be chosen. The ISACA Standards Board has issued guidelines governing the use of CAATs and provides guidance to the auditors. There are two categories of techniques that CAATs is used for.The first is to validate the application integrity, â€Å"the objective being to determine whether the source code has been compromised, either intentionally or unintentionally† (Hunton, p. 188). Tests might be run with a parallel simulatio n to determine if the software is working properly. In this situation, the auditor will create a test set of data and run the auditing techniques against that data. If the system creates the expected set of data, then the system is working as it should. The second category is to verify the data integrity.This technique centers around data extraction and analysis to ensure the data is imported and exported correctly. With using an automated system, Kudler auditors can pull all the information and test for accuracy or abnormalities instead of only being able to pull a sample of the data. These two techniques help to validate the testing that will occur against the real data being reviewed for Kudler Foods. The CAATs is also used to detect any type of fraud that is occurring within the company.By using an automated accounting system along with the automated auditing system, Kudler has the ability to review 100% of the data and locate duplicates and gaps in the data. By using an automat ed system, Kudler can not only validate the integrity of the application and data, but also determine what could possibly be missing. A continuous audit technique might be one choice to consider for Kudler as it might work well for detecting fraud. A continue audit would be a program that is imbedded within the software that will look for things outside the norm. This would enable Kudler to find erroneous information faster.According to investopidia (2013), a continuous audit is â€Å"an auditing process that examines accounting practices continuously throughout the year. Continuous audits are usually technology-driven and designed to automate error checking and data verification in real time. A continuous audit driven system generates alarm triggers that provide advance notice about anomalies and errors detected by the system. † By using the continuous audit, this could be a time saver not only in auditing but in detecting the issues within the system and correcting them mor e quickly.

Liberalism and Nationalism

In the late 18th and 19th centuries there where two ideologies that was fueling the revolutions during this time. These two ideologies are liberalism and nationalism. Liberalism is a belief in gradual social progress by changing laws, rather than by revolution. It is also sated to be the belief that people should have a lot of political and individual freedom. Nationalism is the desire for political independence of people who feel they are historically or culturally a separate group within a country.It is often associated with the belief that a particular nation is better than any other nation, and in this case is often used showing disapproval. Liberalism first became a powerful force in the Age of Enlightenment. In the 19th century liberal governments was established in many nations across Europe, Latin America, and North America. Liberal power increased further in the 20th century, when liberal democracies â€Å"triumphed† in two world wars and survived major ideological ch allenges from fascism and communism.The term nationalism was coined by Johann Gottfried Herder (nationalismus) during the late 1770s. Where Nationalism emerged from is difficult to determine, but its development is closely related to that of the modern state and the push for popular sovereignty that came to a head with the French Revolution and the American Revolution in the late 18th century. Since that time, nationalism has become one of the most significant political and social forces in history. Other forms of nationalism are revolutionary, calling for the establishment of an independent state as a homeland for an ethnic underclass.

Contribution to Radio Programme “Changing Time”

Imagine your local radio station is producing a series of programmes entitled â€Å"Changing Times†, in which teenagers are asked to give their views on the changes they welcome in the world around them. You have been invited to contribute. Write out the text of the presentation you would make. There are many changes that I welcome in the world around me; but I would like to discuss four specific ones with you on air here today. The first change that I welcome into today’s world is the internet. The introduction of this will be remembered by man forever.Now we have this ability, we wonder how we ever survived without it. With the introduction of sites like Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, we are now able to catch up with friends we met 3 years ago at Irish camp, or something as simple as checking out the photos from suchabody’s 18 birthday party that we attended last night. But the abilities of the internet extend way beyond the fickle holds of 21st century social networking. Using the internet enables us to research anything we could possibly think of and more. Google it† has now become such a commonly used phrase; we have students complaining if they are not allowed to use the internet for a project – since Google â€Å"knows everything†. Moving beyond social networking, the internet allows us to not only keep in touch with friends and family in all four corners of the earth (from emailing your granny over in Blackrock, to ‘skyping’ your friend Tom who moved down under to Australia); but also to meet new people who share our interests. Foreign language students are able to make new friends online with students their age in other countries and communicate quickly and easily with them.The internet is also an excellent news source. With news broadcasters such as Sky, CNN and even closer to home with RTE news all setting up websites, we are able to catch up on anything from terrorist attacks to the latest showbi z gossip in an instant. Relating to the internet; the next change, or introduction, that I welcome into our world today is the phenomenon of portable handheld internet devices; such as laptops, iPhones and the latest â€Å"must-have† – the iPad. Such devices enable us to not only reap all the benefits of our beloved internet, but we can do this whilst window shopping on Grafton Street; on he DART into work on a Monday morning; or anywhere we please for that matter. With the younger generation branching out and becoming oh-so-much-more independent than our parents and grandparents, the technology around us is clearly changing with the times. The â€Å"portable† debate brings me on to my third change, that I think has had a huge impact on the society of today, and that is mobile phones. Excluding the likes of the iPhone and the latest android phones, which seem to be able to do almost anything you could possibly want from a phone, the simple mobile phone has been of huge benefit to the ordinary Joe Blogs on the street.For the unorganised working man, his phone can now hold his daily calendar; to remind him that he has a meeting with the boss man in 40 minutes or that it is his 14th wedding anniversary tomorrow and he needs to buy his wife a present – that’s if he remembers the date of his wedding anniversary to enter it in the phone in the first place I suppose. For the cautious one, who is yet to attempt the ‘Skype Experience’, the mobile phone is perfect for keeping in touch with everybody.With so many deals and special offers being offered by service providers, it is even relatively cheap nowadays to run a pay-as-you-go mobile phone. Another benefit of our friend the Nokia, Samsung, or whatever make it is you happen to have at the moment, is reporting crime. Robberies, fires, attacks, can all be reported to the Gardai a lot quicker that running down the road trying to find the nearest phone box. Speaking of crim e, the final change which I welcome to our society today is the issue of the smoking bans, making it an offense to smoke in public places.Personally, I welcome this change with widely spread open arms. Looking firstly at the issue of smokers’ personal health, preventing them smoking in public places, is going to impact severely on the time they have to smoke. I mean, how long are you really going to want to spend huddled up against the January rain trying to light your cigarette while all your friends have the craic inside? Cutting down this might help to encourage smokers to stop, or at least cut down on the amount they smoke daily. On top of that, preventing smoking in public places helps to cut out passive smoking.As a non-smoker, I found it highly unfair that we’d have to be opened to all the risks of passive smoking, just because that guy over there fancies a cigarette with his dessert. So overall, I think it is clear that there have been many changes in our socie ty over the past number of years, and although not all of them may have been truly welcomed, I feel that the internet; portable handheld internet devices; mobile phones and the non-smoking laws have truly benefited our society and I honestly welcome them in the world around us.

African American Booker T Washington

Booker T. Washington was a man beyond words. He rose up from slavery, delivering speech after speech expressing his views on how to help raise America's view of the African American. He felt that knowledge was power, not just knowledge of â€Å"books†, but knowledge of agricultural and industrial trades. He felt that the African American would rise to be an equal in American society through hard work. Washington founded a school on these principles, and it became the world's leader in agricultural and industrial education for the Negro. He put his heart and soul into his school, Tuskegee Institute, and gained great respect from both the white and black communities. Many of the country's white leaders agreed with his principals, and so he had a great deal of support. Booker T. Washington cleared the way for the black community too fully enter the American society. Washington was born into slavery on April 5, 1856, in Franklin County, Virginia, on a small tobacco plantation. His only true relative was his mother, Jane, who was the plantation's cook. His father was thought to have been the white son of one of their neighbors. Washington spent his early years on the plantation. He did the small jobs, such as carrying water to the field hands and taking corn to the local mill for grinding. This hard work at an early age filled him the values he would teach for the rest of his life. Washington and his mom were freed after the civil war. His stepfather had escaped earlier, and had gotten a job in Malden, West Virginia, at a salt furnace, so Washington and his mother went to live with him. Life was tough in Malden. â€Å"Drinking, gambling, quarrels, fights, and shockingly immoral practices were frequent.† Washington himself got a job in the salt furnace and often had to go to work at four in the morning. Washington really wanted an education. A school for African Americans opened in Malden, but his stepfather would not let him leave work to attend. Washington wanted an education so bad that he arranged with the teachers to give him classes at night. Booker did not have a last name until he went to school. When he realized that all of the other children at the school had a ‘second' name, and the teacher asked him his, he invented the name Washington. Booker heard of a big school for African Americans in Hampton, Virginia, and he decided to go there. In 1872, he set out on the 500-mile journey to Hampton, traveling most of the way by foot. He was only 16 at this time too. When he finally arrived, he had to take an entrance exam that consisted of him sweeping the floor. He graduated with honors and returned to Malden. He then was asked to come back to Hampton to be an instructor. Then, soon after, the principal of Hampton received a letter from a group in Tuskegee, Alabama, asking for help in starting a school for African Americans there. They were expecting a white man, but when they got Washington, they were quite pleased with him. Washington founded The Tuskegee Institute in 1885. The school opened with 30 students. Tuskegee Institute and its facilities grew, and so did its courses in agricultural and engineering subjects. The Institute survived its early years only through the perseverance of Washington. Washington believed in the â€Å"dignity of labor.† He emphasized the teaching of â€Å"practical skills,† like brick making, carpentry and dairying for the boys, and cooking and sewing for the girls. He believed that African Americans must make economic progress, and learn how to make a living first. Booker is remembered and admired for his accomplishments. Of course his most famous being the Tuskegee Institute. Booker T. Washington is a perfect example that even if you came from nothing, you can accomplish great things if you try hard enough and are willing to make the sacrifice.

Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  today, the market may be thought to be saturated. Generally social constructs are the views that people have on us, and how people describe us. The idea behind social cosntructionism is that people hear or experience these views over and over, and this makes them believe these views or have a picture that depicts these stories as being true. A million man march reflects that what the people march for is not well known by majority of the people in the march but he people seek to change this situation using their own social construction that reflect whom they really are.  As the study highlights that  the book Nickel and dimed by Ehnrenreich clearly starts on a note that portrays a well defined case of critical theory concerning workers and how they are being treated as well as their working conditions. There is a great contrast between Lampham who takes the writer for a lunch for about $30 at a â€Å"country style place† the writer an d Lampham are in deep reflection of how four million women have to live on the wages that are paid to the unskilled with a salary for about $6 and $ 7 per hour, with about 4 million women who are not literate and who are in the market looking for the lowly unskilled lowly jobs to make a living or to sustain themselves.  The eschewing divisions in the society in the book Nickel and Dimed by Ehnrenreich are clear, and by large magnitude have gone deeper to portray inhuman and a cruel world where the illiterate have to endure cruel wages and mistreatment to make a living.

International Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

International Business - Research Paper Example The interviewer should not mind not being entertained with a hand-shake from a Saudi official of the opposite sex, and ideally, not offer a hand-shake to a Saudi official of the opposite sex in the first place. Gift-giving is not a norm though something small as a gift is recommendable. Saudi men do not like being gifted flowers, as they are deemed suitable for gifting to women. One should refrain from offering alcohol to Saudi officials unless one is sure that they partake. Saudi officials do not open gifts in front of the giver. When invited for an interview, it is more recommendable to arrange a nice Arabian feast rather than a gift. Suitable places for socialization with Saudis are international hotels and restaurants. Saudis choose restaurants and hotels for interviews particularly with expatriates that are unfamiliar to them. Once association is developed with them, Saudis may offer an invitation of a visit to their homes. However, an international hotel is never a wrong choice while selecting location for interview with Saudi officials. If an interview is arranged at the home of a Saudi official, the interviewer is expected to remove the shoes at the entrance and he/she should be dressed conservatively. While Saudi officials appreciate punctuality, being a little late does not jeopardize the interview. Elder Saudi officials expect to be greeted first. It is recommendable for the interviewer to accept the offer of dates and Arabian coffee by the interviewee even if the interviewer normally does not drink coffee. If invited for a meal, the interviewer should expect a lot of socializing and discussion before the meal is actually served. However, there is very little, if any, talking during eating. Although many Saudi officials serve the meal on a dining table, yet the interviewer should not be surprised if the meal is placed on a sheet laid on the floor. In such a setting, the interviewer should either kneel on one knee or sit cross-legged. Most

To what extent does Channel Four continue to fulfil its original remit Essay

To what extent does Channel Four continue to fulfil its original remit Is that remit still relevant in the current broadcasting environment - Essay Example The recent reality show of the Big Brother has been a huge hit among the viewers of the UK. From its humble beginnings, the channel has matured to one of the most popular channels in the UK. In 1995, Brookside attracted nine million viewers. â€Å"Four Weddings and a Funeral† drew eleven million viewers. These programs have been an integral part of the success of the channel. The channel has been following its remit in the broadcast of its programs. The remit of the company as stated in its website is as follows: â€Å"Foster the new and experimental in television.   It will encourage pluralism, provide a favored place for the untried and encourage innovation in style content perspective and talent on and off screen†. (Twenty years of Channel 4; Statement of promises). Throughout its history, the channel has been introducing programs that have been hardly viewed by the people of the UK earlier. The remit of the channel has been to introduce innovation in the programs in the channel. The channel has a full repertoire of programs ranging from drama, films, comedy, documentaries etc. Channel 4 has covered almost all the genres of entertainment. The channel has been targeting the youth with its programs, which has been attacked by Sir Jeremy Isaacs, the founder of the channel. In his words, "To target and reach a demographically clearly defined audience - the 18-35 year-olds - and single-mindedly commission a bulk of programmes that suits their tastes, however laddish or yobbish." (Twenty years of Channel 4) The choice of the programs in the case of the channel has been increasingly linked to the needs of the younger generation. The use of the adultery, sex etc. in the programs has been popular. This has been seen in the case of all the genres of the programs. In the case of comedy, the programs like â€Å"Balls of Steel† have a rich content of adult humor. The program

The Declaration of the Immediate Causes Research Paper

The Declaration of the Immediate Causes - Research Paper Example The document argues that the agreement between the US and South Carolina is subject to the law as stipulated in the constitution which establishes responsibilities on both sides and denounces the agreement or contract if either of the party fails to live up to the expectations of the responsibilities. Further, the document highlighted that the Federal government of the US had failed to honor their responsibilities to the State of South Carolina. For instance, some States were not willing to adapt the Fugitive Slave Act (Watson and Batchelder 1860, 77-8). Due to this and other problems, the document asserted that South Carolina had withdrawn from the Federal Union. The main purpose of this document was to protest against the Northern States that were seen as violating the constitution by failing to extradite slaves. Further, it is through this declaration that the State of South Carolina aimed at showing its resentments on the efforts made by the federal government and the Northern States to abolish slavery, which they viewed as constitutionally guarded. Therefore, South Carolina thought that the federal government and the Northern States had violated the agreement, and thus, it was not bound by it (Watson and Batchelder 1860, 76). Initially, South Carolina had issued other documents. This declaration was the second document to be issued by the State of South Carolina secession or withdrawal convention. The first document to be issued in South Carolina was the ordinance of secession.

Critical thinking and application paper Ethics Case Study

Critical thinking and application paper Ethics - Case Study Example The rule which has the best overall consequences is regarded as the best rule. This article is very pertinent to Gary Briar's issue since it also covers the pervasive corruption in foregin governments. The citizens of Afghanistan are afraid to report instances of corruption because they are afraid that they will be killed by government forces. The continuing corruption done by government officials constitutes a serious malady affecting the government. This article is related to the situation of Danny Briar as it features the strong dilemma of a Turkish government official pertaining to corruption being committed by other government officials. This article refers to the Turkish Interior Minister Saadettin Tantan, the leader of Turkey's anti-corruption drive, who has accused elements of the party of trying to slow his investigations. The move of Tantan was to resign from government office. Hence, Turkey has lost a key government official who could have stemmed the tide of corruption. This article is pertinent to the situation of Danny Briar as it attempts to take a proactive stance in dealing with corrupt officials. The article emphasizes the importance of putting out incentives to make officials forego corruption activities. This article features the private efforts of a Sudanese cellphone billionaire, Mo Ibrahim, who will give an annual prize worth more than US $5 million dollars to an African head of state who was freely elected, turned over power to a freely elected successor and governed well while in office. This prize can help all African leaders to govern well and avoid the temptation of robbing their country of natural resources. d.) "Border Agents, Lured by the Other Side" Randal Archibold and Andrew Becker. New York Times online. Mqy 27, 2008. Available at URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/27/us/27border.html This article is pertinent to the case study since it als deals with how government agents, border patrol agents are lured by money officers. The article features two Villarreal brothers who were former Border Patrol agents, who were suspected of helping to smuggle an untold number of illegal immigrants from Mexico and Brazil across the border. The Villarreal investigation were among the corruption cases that have alarmed officials in the Homeland Security Department. e.) "China Confirms Poison Was on Toy Beads" New York Times Online. By KEITH BRADSHER. Published: November 11, 2007. This article is similar to that of Danny Briar as it also features the case of poison found in Chinese toy beads, Acqua Dots. The Chinese government had confirmed the presence of poison on toy beads exported around the world. The brightly colored toy

Events that lead to the atomic bombings in Japan during the world war Research Paper

Events that lead to the atomic bombings in Japan during the world war II - Research Paper Example For most of the people then and now, the full account of the events, the number of casualties as well as the internal decisions of all people involved in the Second World War were and still are vague. This paper aims to provide some information regarding several figures and concepts related to the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as to connect the said figures and concepts on these events in chronological order. Niels Bohr and the Development of the Nuclear Bomb While the whole development of the Nuclear Bomb can’t be solely attributed to Niels Bohr, he was an instrument for scientists in America to understand the processes by which nuclear energy from radioactive elements can be harnessed to produce a weapon stronger than the prevailing bomb formulations at that time. Bohr was working on particle bombardment, and initially he believed that the chances of being able to use nuclear particles in a controlled setting may be far from happening anytime soon (Gosli ng 2). However, upon learning about the results of Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann about the splitting of the uranium atom into two lighter elements as well as the release of a large amount of energy and highly-reactive neutrons, which would trigger the repeat of the same process on other uranium atoms, and so on. This process became known as nuclear fission, and became the core concept of the process of harnessing nuclear energy (Gosling 3). Bohr presented Hahn and Strassmann’ results in a conference around 1939, as well as having them published in that same year which enlightened many scientists, most especially those belonging to the Manhattan project (Rose 83). Bohr eventually assisted in the testing of the bombs at Los Alamos in 1944, a year before the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. He recognized the fact that if the allies were not able to produce an atomic bomb, the Germans might beat them to it, causing even more destruction (Rose 30). Through these efforts, the firs t nuclear bomb was finished and was used to bomb Hiroshima in August 6, 1945. The Formation of the Interim Committee Before the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki ensued, President Harry S. Truman formed the Interim Committee, an advisory group in charge of making recommendations on the use of atomic weapons during wartime as well as making a position for the U.S. on postwar atomic policy (Gosling 45). The group was consisted of members from different government groups: Secretary of War, Henry Stimson; George L. Harrison, Deputy Secretary of War; Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development; Karl T. Compton, from the Manhattan project; Navy Undersecretary Ralph Bard; Secretary of State Will Clayton; and James Byrnes (Brune 606). The committee also had a scientific advisory team consisting of: Robert Oppenheimer, the Scientific Director of the Manhattan Project; Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Laureate for physics; Arthur Compton of the University of Chicago; an d Ernest Lawrence, a well-known physicist, with General George C. Marshall as their military representative (Gosling 45). During the meeting of the Interim Committee on May 31, 1945 they have concluded that the atomic bomb must be used against Japan in order for them to surrender as early as possible, and by doing so would send them the message that further resistance is futile (Brune 606). This conclusion was sent as a report on June 16 of the same year, as well as the additional advice that Japan must

African American Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African American Philosophy - Essay Example Various theories have offered explanations of social phenomena, such as Durkheim, Weber, Conflict Theory and Feminist Theories to enlist just a few. According to Durkheim, â€Å"the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of the same society forms a determinate system which has its own life, one may call it the collective or common conscience.....† (Durkheim 1997:79-80). The collective conscience is significant because it determines the relationship between society and the individual and forms the basis upon which the values of that particular society are set out and also the basis upon which the individual can be coerced into a particular lifestyle. Max Weber’s theory on the other hand, is based upon the distribution of tangible and intangible , both symbolic and material, in society and such a distribution is inevitably unequal. This causes the emergence of classes and parties within society based upon the distribution of labour. (Weber, 2000 :92 7). Another theory relevant in the African American context is the conflict theory, according to which different individuals and groups in society have different amounts of material and non material resources, especially monetary resources. As a result, the groups with greater material and other resources are likely to exploit those who are poor or have less power and this could be the source of conflict. 2. As Philogene (1999) points out, the transition that has been made from â€Å"black† to â€Å"African American† in referring to this particular racial group in American society in itself demonstrates a transition of Americans who are of African descent from race to culture. She states that the use of the term â€Å"African American† has become synonymous with the manner in which the social status of Americans of Africa descent has improved, because they are no

Instructional strategies and approaches Essay Example for Free

Instructional strategies and approaches Essay Cognitive theories can be more easily applied, and changes and improvements can be more readily incorporated, as long as the teacher has had some specific training in knowing how students learn. For example, grading might be an inaccurate measurement of assessment of the efficacy of online education as it is not necessarily a true measurement of learning. Some students work hard to perfect their performance for a test at the end of the course, yet have learned very little. What is more important than simple measurements of right or wrong is to attempt, throughout the class, to see how each student is thinking. This can become apparent if a student is asked to explain his or her reasoning. The classroom is an environment that lends itself very well to written responses of explicit lines of reasoning. Once a student’s thinking becomes apparent in this way, the instructor can identify areas of prior knowledge and, should there be any misconceptions, can structure teaching in such a way as to correct them. Alternatively, if apparent thoughts of the students as written in discussions reveal a solid and correct prior knowledge in this arena, the teacher would be able to reinforce this and help students to expand their knowledge still further and to make more connections. Furthermore, during the semester, students should be encouraged to develop their thinking and in this way can identify which areas they feel less confident about, and for which they would like some extra help. We help students internalize and give the information automaticity by providing adequate opportunities for them to work with the process and by providing feedback often. Students need the time to practice an activity until it becomes automatic for them. if we didn’t practice math or if students had not been allowed to practice with their park rides designs, the results would not be of high quality. Students need both massed practice and practice over time before the process becomes internalized. Immersion is a great tool, but if we do not come back to the learning from time to time, often the learning is lost. That is why students may do well on the test this Friday over the math concepts studied this week, but try giving them a problem from this week’s work three weeks from now (Tileston, 2003). Reference: Tileston, D. D. E. W. (2003). What Every Teacher Should Know About Using Media and Technology. Thousan Oaks, California: Corwin Press.

Non-Verbal Communication Essay Example for Free

Non-Verbal Communication Essay A number of people pay more attention on what they want to say,however,how to say it means more important. â€Å"In fact, studies suggest that during face-to-face communication, only 7% of meaning comes from the verbal content of the message —38% comes from tone of voice and 55% comes from body language. † Obviously, non-verbal communication refers to the process of the communication by means of receiving and sending the messages which are wordless. As an important tool of communication, non-verbal communication plays an important part in job interviews, medical care and social interactions. The process of a job interview is full of communication, including both verbal and nonverbal communications; however, nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication in some ways. When people do the interview, it is critical for people to send the right messages and receive the good responses as well as maintaining eye contact, using facial expressions and making proper postures. Eye contact is essential when people are talking to the interviewer. The sustained eye contact could be respectful which show your confidence and trust. Also, this makes sure that you are listening and understanding about what you are communicating with each other. However, it’s not good to stare at interviewers constantly, which make them uncomfortable. The best way is to maintain the eye contact for several seconds, and then change your vision away from the interviewers briefly, finally put the eye contact on the interviewers. Meanwhile, facial expression is a necessary component in a job interview. Commonly, smile is a powerful communication tool, which is able to deliver the friendliness, happiness and interests. It helps people relieve nervous tension in order to make a good performance in the front of the interviewers. Also, it’s better to add a smile with your eyes so that you can show a real smile in your face, which makes your interview more successful. Additionally, making good postures can affect the quality of the job interview. The way of standing, sitting or talking shows the level of our attitude and manners, particularly in a job interview. For example, first, sit on the edge of the chair is a signal of nervousness and express you’re uncomfortable. Second, stand in the space belonging to the others and cross the arm, which can be hostile. In order to make your job interview extremely successfully, you’d better prepare eye contact, facial expressions and right postures. Furthermore, nonverbal communication is related to the development of medical care. Usually, most people are getting involved with each other through verbal communication. However, when people are getting older, they are lacking the functions of social network and body function degradation so that they need to depend on nurses’ care— nonverbal behavior,which establish the relationship between nurses and patients, such as, smiling, body positioning and touch. Smiling may be one of the most important characteristics of a nurse who wishes to establish good rapport with patients (Schabracq 1987; Heintzman et al. 1993). Smiling is positively judged by other people and is considered as a sign of good humour, warmth and immediacy (Mehrabian 1972, Reece Whitman 1962). † The body positioning points out whether the person is caring and listening. In the process of nonverbal behavior, the forward leaning indicates that nurse pay attention and care about the condition of the patients. In earlier research Reece Whitman (1962) showed that leaning forward conveys warmth and friendliness. Forward leaning combined with smiling, eye contact and verbal attentiveness (hm-hm) communicates an attitude of involvement. † Additionally, touch is an essential part in the medical care, which is a significant connection between nurses and patients. Touch can deliver the feeling of comfort, identification and encouragement in order to give patients a strong response to be optimistic through the medical process. In the medical way, touch can be divided into two parts; one is â€Å"instrumental touch†, another is â€Å"expressive† touch. Instrumental touch refers to the physical touch, such as bind up a wound. Expressive touch is more emotionally and spontaneous. Hence, touch is a key tool in the medical care; it makes patients more positive to face the medical treatment. What’s more, social interactions are a significant form of nonverbal communication. Symbolic stands for religious and status. On one hand, status can be a symbol of social level with person through his uniform, the brand of the car, and the size of the house. On the other hand, religious belief is equal to the culture, which makes certain people have unique communication. However, comparing to the difference between cultures, it’s pretty obviously that we can see the difference in the nonverbal communication. For example, physical space is a main difference. The acceptable physical distance in Latin America and Middle East is much shorter than it in America and Europe. Commonly, that’s why people often leave enough space for each other when they are standing online to buy the food. Besides, in terms of physical postures, the common example is the habit of many Americans who prefer to have a rest with their feet on the desk, but in Asia, Europe, and Middle East is unrespectable behavior. Additionally, hand and arm gestures means different between cultures. In some cases, for instance the â€Å"OK† sign, commonly it means everything is all right perfect. However, it means worthless in France and is money in Japan. Also, it even means rude in Germany. Another gesture â€Å"thumbs up†, usually it indicated all things are OK. But, in Nigeria, it means very offensive, while in Turkey, it means political rightist party. To sum up, nonverbal communication affects the way of people’s daily life, which tends to add more value to our communication. It makes our job review perfectly, promotes the development of the medical care, and enhances the progress of social interactions. As a result, nonverbal communication, as an essential communication skill, is getting more important and brings people the powerful communication with each other in different areas.